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2006, Number 2

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Vet Mex 2006; 37 (2)

In vitro analysis of the antibacterial activity of Oedogonium capillare against pathogenic bacteria in fish

Negrete RP, Figueroa G, Romero JJ

Language: English/Spanish
References: 87
Page: 209-221
PDF size: 340.91 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The present study proved in vitro the capability of an extract of Oedogonium capillare, a fresh water green algae, to be an effective antibacterial agent against 23 different bacterial species of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Aeromonadaceae and Vibrionaceae families, that are pathogens in humans and important in aquaculture. All the different wild strains were isolated from Carassius auratus fish cultivated in fish farms in the state of Morelos, Mexico. After being purified the strains were identified through the API-20E and API-20NE methods. The algae were collected from the ponds located in the “Center of Biological and Aquaculture Researches” in Xochimilco, Mexico. After the algae had been dried and homogenized, they were subjected to hexane extractions at reflux temperature. The second extraction was made using a chromatographic column of silica gel and ethyl-chlorophorm. In order to determine the susceptibility of bacteria to the activity of the extract a standardized diffusion disk test was carried out. Filtered paper disks were saturated with the extract obtained from the O. capillare algae and commercial antibiotics widely used in the fish industry such as: kanamycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. In order to determine the presence or R-plasmid in the strains, the alkaline lysis technique, was used. The whole experiment was mirrored using strains of the American Type Culture Collection. The antibacterial behavior of O. capillare was compared with each of the aforementioned commercial antibiotics with a correlation analysis. High correlation coefficients were obtained between the activity of the algae extract and the antibiotics used in this study. Of the three antibiotics studied, kanamycin was found to be the most related one to the antibacterial activity of O. capillare. A higher antibacterial activity of the extract was found on the collection strains. The average diameter of the inhibition halos in the cultures of the four bacterial families of this group was greater than that of the wild strains, possibly due to the presence of R-plasmids in the latter group.


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  45. Wheaton E. Acuicultura y construcción de sistemas. México: AGT editor, 1982.

  46. Torroella JJ. Aspectos generales de patología infecciosa: En Patología en acuicultura. Plan de formación de técnicos superiores en acuicultura Madrid, España: Ed CATACYT, 1998.

  47. Roberts RJ. Patología de los peces. España: Ed Mundi-prensa, 1981.

  48. Austin B, Austin DA. Bacterial fish pathogens disease in farm and wild fish. London: Ellis Horwood Ltd, 1999.

  49. Lamothe R. Importancia de la parasitología en el desarrollo de la acuicultura. México: Instituto de Biología UNAM. Hidalgo. 1991.

  50. Romero JJ, Salas TA. Estudio de frecuencia de enterobacterias resistentes a antibióticos y metales pesados aislados en ambientes marinos. Memoria del V. Congreso Nacional de Biotecnología 1993 septiembre 7-16. Pto Vallarta (Jalisco) México. México (D.F.): Biotechnology y Bioingenierie, AC, 1993:3-4

  51. Mandigan TM, Martinko MJ, Parker JB. Biología de los microorganismos. Madrid: Prentice-Hall, 2000.

  52. Tórtora GF, Funke BR, Case ClL. Biología de los microorganismos 3ª ed. España: Acribia, 1995.

  53. Austin B, Baudet E, Stobie M. Inhibition of bacterial fish pathogen by Tetraselmis suecica. J Fish Diseaes 1992;15:553-556.

  54. Lima FJ, Carvalho AF, Freitas SM. Antibacterial activity of extracts of six macroalgae from the northeastern Brazilian coast. Braz J Microbiol 2002;33:311-314.

  55. Austin B, Billaud AC. Inhibition of the fish pathogen, Serratia liquefaciens, by an antibiotic-producing isolate of Planococcus recovered from sea water. J Fish Diseases 1990;13 :553-556

  56. Immanuel G, Vincybai VC, Sivaram V, Palavesam A, Marian MP. Effect of butanolic extracts from terrestrial herbs and seaweeds on the survival, growth and pathogen (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) load on shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles Aquaculture 236 (1/4), 2004:553-556

  57. Mesmar MN, Abussaud M, The antibiotic activity of some aquatic plants and algal extracts. Jordan Qatar University Sci J 1991; 11:155-160

  58. Samira Etahiri, Bultel-Ponce V, Caux C, Guyot M. New bromoditerpenes from the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius. J Natural Prod 2001;64:1024-1027

  59. Wijffels RH, Barbosa M, Janssen M, Wessels HS. Potent antibacterial activity of halogenated metabolites from Malaysian red algae, Laurencia majuscula (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales). Biomol Eng 2003; 20: 255-259

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  62. Tiffany LH, Britton ME. The algae of Illinois. 2nd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1952.

  63. Arista VA. Uso y abuso de antibióticos. Hosp Gral Mex Perinat. 2005;1-22.

  64. Negrete RP, Perez GR, Vargas SR, Figueroa TG, Gamboa S. Antimicrobial activity of Oedogonium capillare. Rev Lat Quim 2001;29:AP-10.

  65. Michel C. Development of bacteria in fish and in water during a standardized experimental infection in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) with Aeromonas salmonicida. In: Roberts RJ, editor. Microbiological diseases of fish. London: Academic Press,1982.

  66. Munro ALS. The pathogenesis of bacterial diseases of fishes. In: Roberts RJ, editor. Microbiol diseases of fish. London: Academic Press, 1982: 131-149

  67. Analytical Profile Index. Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram negative Bacteria. 4th ed. France: Edition BioMerioux, 1997

  68. Analytical Profile Index. Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram negative Bacteria 2th. France: Ed. BioMerioux 1989.

  69. Dalsgaard I, Gudmunsdottir BK, Helgason S, Hoies S, Thoresen OF, Wichardt T et al. Identification of atypical Aeromonas salmonicida: Interlaboratoty Evaluation and harmonization of methods. J Appl Microbiol 1998; 84:999-1006

  70. Altewegg M, Steigerwalt AG, Altwegg-Bissig R, Luthy-Hottenstein J, Brenner DJ. Biochemical Identification of Aeromonas Genospecies Isolated from Humans. Am Soc Microbiol 1990; 28:258-264.

  71. Colwell RR, Mc Donell MT, De Ley J. Proposal to recognize the family Aeromonadaceae. Fam Nov Int J Syst Bacteriol 1986; 36:473-477

  72. Lee JV, Shread P, Furniss AL, Bryant TN. Taxonomy and description of Vibrio fluvialis sp. Nov. (Synonym. Group F Vibrios Ef6). J Appl Bacteriol 1981; 50: 73-94

  73. Furnniss AL, Lee JV, Donovan TS. Group F, a new Vibrio? Lancet II 1977;I: 565-566

  74. Cowan ST. Cowan and Steel´s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacterias. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

  75. Brenner DJ, Hichman-Brenner FW, Lee JV, Steigerwalt AG, Fanning GR, Hollis GG, et al. Vibrio furnissii (formely aerogenic biogroup of Vibrio fluvialis), a new species isolated from human feces and the enviroment. J Clin Microbiol 1983;18: 816-821.

  76. Holt JG, Krieg NR, Sneath PHA, Dtaley JT, Williams TS. Bergey´s Manual of determinative bacteriology, 9Th ed.Baltimore Md: Williams & Wilkins,1994.

  77. Barry Al. Thornsberry C. Susceptibility test by diffusion test procedures. In: Lennette, editors. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Washington: American Society for Microbiology, 1985:978-979.

  78. Giono CS. Prueba de Bauer-Kirby para sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos. Infectología 1983; III: 7:325.

  79. Stanley RS, Lynch´s Medical Laboratory Technology. Washington: WB Saunders, 1986; 434-240

  80. Birnboim HC, Dolly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1979; 7: 1513-1523

  81. Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca. México NOM-10 PESCA-1994.México: SEMARNAP. Diario Oficial de la Federación, 1994

  82. Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca. México NOM-11-PESCA-1994. México: SEMARNAP. Diario Oficial de la Federación, 1994

  83. Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales y Pesca. México. NOM-121. PESCA-1994. México: SEMARNAP. Diario Oficial de la Federación, 1995

  84. Negrete RP, Romero JJ. Estudio cualitativo de las condiciones sanitarias de producción y manejo de granjas acuícolas en los estados de México y Morelos. Rev Hidrobiol 1998; 8: 43-54.

  85. Kinkelin P, Michelin Ch, Ghittino P. Tratado de las enfermedades de los peces. 3ra ed. Zaragoza: Ed Acribia, 1985.

  86. Negrete RP, Romero JJ. Inducción de bacteriosis en Cyprinus carpio con bacterias aisladas de organismos enfermos cultivados en granjas piscícolas. Rev Hidrobiol 1998b;8: 1-10

  87. Negrete RP, Romero JJ, Arredondo FJ. Capacidad de Vibrio fluvialis ( Lee, 1981) para producir infección en pez dorado (Carassius auratus). Vet Mex 2004; 35: 31-43.




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