2019, Number 05
Acute otitis media: generalities and antibiotic resistance
Full text
Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 130-138
PDF size: 313.87 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Otitis media (OM) is one of the most common diagnoses in pediatric population and the most frequent indication for the prescription of antibiotics in childhood. The diagnosis of acute otitis media (AOM) is based on the findings of the otoscopy, various clinical signs and the time of evolution of the main symptoms. The decision to initiate antibiotic therapy should be based on the risk stratification of the patient. An alternative observation and close follow-up strategy in selected cases help to reduce the antibiotic exposure, and has also proven to be a cost-effective measure. The drug of choice for the empirical treatment of AOM is amoxicillin. Other treatment options are cephalosporins, macrolides or combinations with β-lactamase inhibitors. Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin is the main cause of the therapeutic failure of antibiotics in AOM. The introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine has changed the frequency of the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and has increased the isolation of Haemophilus influenzae in the fluid samples of the middle ear of the patients with AOM. Recent studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of β-lactamase producer agents in patients with AOM.REFERENCES
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