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ISSN 1405-1699 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Pediátrica y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Pediatría

2018, Number 3

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Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr 2018; 27 (3)

Atopic dermatitis and comorbidities in pediatric patients

Aguirre MIL, Mendoza HD, López PGT, Carmona BM

Language: Spanish
References: 75
Page: 71-78
PDF size: 163. Kb.


ABSTRACT

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin disease characterized by manifestations of chronic inflammation: intense prurigo, dry skin, erythema and exudate. This predominantly affects the flexor surfaces: folds of elbows or knees and face and neck. From the pathophysiological point of view it is considered multifactorial. Atopy is defined as the predisposition to produce IgE against allergens, which has proposed a nomenclature uses the term «atopic eczema» when IgE sensitization and «not atopic eczema» when it is not shown. The diagnosis is clinical, is based on major and minor criteria Hanifin and Rajka; is essential the presence of pruritus and at least two other major criteria and three «minor criteria». Sensitization to allergens can be demonstrated by skin tests, specific IgE in serum and patch tests while the skin biopsy is useful to rule out other skin diseases or associations. Differential diagnosis must be made with other types of dermatitis, infectious skin diseases, congenital immunodeficiencies, keratinization disorders, nutritional deficiencies and neoplastic disease. The assessment of severity is done with the scale atopic dermatitis (SCORAD). The first line treatment is with emollients and topical anti-inflammatory drugs (steroids and calcineurin inhibitors), phototherapy and oral immunomodulatory therapies should be used for refractory chronic atopic dermatitis. Currently the DA is a multisystem disorder with co-morbidities and can mimic a variety of conditions of the skin, can be divided into allergic and non-allergic, which merit further review.


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