Construction and validation of a scale of compassionate attitudes toward failure and adversity in undergraduate students

Joselyn Olvera-Ruvalcaba; Gilda Gómez-Peresmitré

2018, Number 1

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Rev Mex Invest Psic 2018; 10 (1)

Construction and validation of a scale of compassionate attitudes toward failure and adversity in undergraduate students

Olvera-Ruvalcaba J, Gómez-Peresmitré G

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Language: Spanish
References: 74
Page: 39-48
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ABSTRACT

The concepts coming from Buddhist psychology have gained high relevance on psychological well-being research. In Mexico, there are no available instruments for their use in empirical studies in this field. The objective of this study was to develop a scale to assess compassion, self-kindness and equanimity constructs in an undergraduate Mexican students sample. Internal consistency and exploratory factor analyses were conducted and yielded two-factor solution that explains 57 % of the variance: self-kindness and acceptance. Alpha Coeficients were .79 and .66 respectively. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported the two-factor model and showed adequate fit indices (CFI = .99; RMSEA=.01). Despite the limitations, this scale represents an alternative available for research of compassion in Mexican population. Future research is needed to improve the scale from this study

REFERENCES

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Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: Self compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectišcation in college women. Body Image, 14, 5-12. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim. 2015.02.006.
Magnusson, D. (1998). Teoría de los test. México: Trillas.
Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2016). Protection or Vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373- 383. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2005.
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Anãlayo. (2013). Sati. En Anãlayo (ed.), Satipatthana. €e direct path to realization. Cambridge: Windhorse Publications.
Astin, A. W., & Keen, J. P. (2006). Equanimity and spirituality. Religion and Education. 33(2), 1-8. Doi: doi.org/10.1080/1 5507394.2006.10012375.
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Dugan, D., & Williams, M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire in meditating and non meditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329-342. Doi: doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313003.
Beaumont, E., Durkin, M., Martin, C. J. H., & Carson, J. (2016). Compassion for others, self-compassion, quality of life and mental well-being measures and their association with compassion fatigue and burnout in student midwives: A quantitative survey. Midwifery, 34, 239-244. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.002. Bien, T. (2008). Las cuatro moradas sublimes: preparándonos para estar presentes. En Hicks, S. F., & Bien, T. (eds.), Mindfulness y psicoterapia (pp. 59-85). Barcelona: Kairos.
Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness- based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26(5), 359-371. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/smi.1305.
Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. (2014). Mindfulness and self-compassion: Exploring pathways to adolescent emotional well-being. Journal of Children and Family Studies, 23(7), 1298- 1309. Doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9830-2.
Bluth, K., Gaylor, S. A., Campo, R. A., Mullarkey, M. C., & Hobbs, L. (2016). Making friends with yourself: A mixed methods pilot study of a mindful self-compassion program for adolescents. Mindfulness, 7(2), 479-492. Doi: 10.1007/ s12671-015-0476-6.
Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body Image, 17, 117-131. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j. bodyim.2016.03.003.
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in dešning and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248. Doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bph078.
Campos, D., Cebolla, A., Quero, S., Breton-López, J., Botella, C., Soler, J., García, J., García-Campayo, J., Demarzo, M., & Baños, R. M. (2015). Meditation and happiness: Mindfulness and self compassion may mediate the meditation- happiness relationship. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 1-6. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.040.
Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). ˜e assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale.² Assessment,² 15(2), 204-223. Doi: doi. org/10.1177/1073191107311467.
Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cruz, B. (2016). Relationships between nurses’ empathy, self-compassion and dimensions of professional quality of life: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 60, 1-11. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.015.
Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Co¥ey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-Kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045-1062. doi:10.1037/a0013262.
Friis, M. A., Johnson, M. H., Cutšeld, R. G., & Consedine, N. S. (2016). Kindness matters: A randomized controlled trial of a mindful self-compassion intervention improves depression, distress, and HbA1c² among patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0416.
García, R. M., Ferrer, J. M., Ayora, A. A., Herrero, M. A., Amutio, A., & Ferrer, R. (2018). Aplicación de un programa de²mindfulness²en profesionales de un servicio de medicina intensiva. Efecto sobre el²burnout, la empatía y la autocompasión. Medicina Intensiva. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. medin.2018.02.005.
García-Campayo, J., Navarro-Gil, M., Andrés, E., Montero- Marín, J., López-Artal, L., & Piva, D. M. (2014) .Validation of the Spanish versions of the long (26 items) and short (12 items) forms of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12(4), 1-9. Doi: doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-4.
Germer, C. K. (2009). €e mindful path to self compassion: Freeing yourself from destructives thoughts and emotions. Nueva York: ˜e Gilford Press.
Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011). Loving- kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological intervention. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(7), 1126-1132. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003.
Hozel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S., Gard, T., & Lazar, S.W. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research, 191(1), 36-43.Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j. pscychresns.2010.08.006.
Hutcherson, C. A., Seppala, E. M., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Loving- kindness meditation increases social connectedness. Emotion, 8(5), 720-724. Doi: 10.1037/a0013237.
Kelly, C. A., Carter, J. C., Zuro¥, D. C., & Borairi, S. (2013). Self-compassion and fear of self-compassion interact to predict response eating disorder treatment: A preliminary investigation. Psychotherapy Research, 23(3), 252-264.Doi: doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2012.717310.
Kraus, S., & Sears, S. (2009). Measuring the immeasurables: Development and initial validation of the self-other four immeasurables (SOFI). Scale based on Buddhist teachings on loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Social Indicators Research, 92, 169-181. Doi: 10.1007/s11205- 008-9300-1.
Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: Self compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectišcation in college women. Body Image, 14, 5-12. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim. 2015.02.006.
Magnusson, D. (1998). Teoría de los test. México: Trillas.
Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2016). Protection or Vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373- 383. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2005.
Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027.
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