medigraphic.com
Órgano Oficial del Sistema Mexicano de Investigación en Psicología (SMIP)

2018, Número 1

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Invest Psic 2018; 10 (1)


Construcción y validación de una escala de actitudes compasivas hacia el fracaso y la adversidad en universitarios

Olvera-Ruvalcaba J, Gómez-Peresmitré G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 39-48
Archivo PDF: 703.95 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los conceptos provenientes de la psicología budista han cobrado gran relevancia en el análisis del bienestar psicológico. Sin embargo, en México no se cuenta con instrumentos disponibles para el estudio empírico en este campo. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un instrumento para medir los constructos de compasión, bondad hacia uno mismo y ecuanimidad en una muestra mexicana de estudiantes universitarios. Se realizaron análisis de consistencia interna y un análisis factorial exploratorio, el cual arrojó una solución de dos factores (amabilidad hacia uno mismo y aceptación) que explicaron 57 % de la varianza total. Los coeficientes de alfa de Cronbach fueron .79 y .66, respectivamente. El análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró el modelo de dos factores mostrando adecuados índices de ajuste (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .01). A pesar de las limitaciones, esta escala representa una alternativa para el estudio de la compasión en población mexicana.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Anãlayo. (2013). Sati. En Anãlayo (ed.), Satipatthana. €e direct path to realization. Cambridge: Windhorse Publications.

  2. Astin, A. W., & Keen, J. P. (2006). Equanimity and spirituality. Religion and Education. 33(2), 1-8. Doi: doi.org/10.1080/1 5507394.2006.10012375.

  3. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Dugan, D., & Williams, M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire in meditating and non meditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329-342. Doi: doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313003.

  4. Beaumont, E., Durkin, M., Martin, C. J. H., & Carson, J. (2016). Compassion for others, self-compassion, quality of life and mental well-being measures and their association with compassion fatigue and burnout in student midwives: A quantitative survey. Midwifery, 34, 239-244. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.002. Bien, T. (2008). Las cuatro moradas sublimes: preparándonos para estar presentes. En Hicks, S. F., & Bien, T. (eds.), Mindfulness y psicoterapia (pp. 59-85). Barcelona: Kairos.

  5. Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness- based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26(5), 359-371. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/smi.1305.

  6. Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. (2014). Mindfulness and self-compassion: Exploring pathways to adolescent emotional well-being. Journal of Children and Family Studies, 23(7), 1298- 1309. Doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9830-2.

  7. Bluth, K., Gaylor, S. A., Campo, R. A., Mullarkey, M. C., & Hobbs, L. (2016). Making friends with yourself: A mixed methods pilot study of a mindful self-compassion program for adolescents. Mindfulness, 7(2), 479-492. Doi: 10.1007/ s12671-015-0476-6.

  8. Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body Image, 17, 117-131. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j. bodyim.2016.03.003.

  9. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in dešning and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248. Doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bph078.

  10. Campos, D., Cebolla, A., Quero, S., Breton-López, J., Botella, C., Soler, J., García, J., García-Campayo, J., Demarzo, M., & Baños, R. M. (2015). Meditation and happiness: Mindfulness and self compassion may mediate the meditation- happiness relationship. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 1-6. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.040.

  11. Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). ˜e assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale.² Assessment,² 15(2), 204-223. Doi: doi. org/10.1177/1073191107311467.

  12. Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cruz, B. (2016). Relationships between nurses’ empathy, self-compassion and dimensions of professional quality of life: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 60, 1-11. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.015.

  13. Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Co¥ey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-Kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045-1062. doi:10.1037/a0013262.

  14. Friis, M. A., Johnson, M. H., Cutšeld, R. G., & Consedine, N. S. (2016). Kindness matters: A randomized controlled trial of a mindful self-compassion intervention improves depression, distress, and HbA1c² among patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0416.

  15. García, R. M., Ferrer, J. M., Ayora, A. A., Herrero, M. A., Amutio, A., & Ferrer, R. (2018). Aplicación de un programa de²mindfulness²en profesionales de un servicio de medicina intensiva. Efecto sobre el²burnout, la empatía y la autocompasión. Medicina Intensiva. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. medin.2018.02.005.

  16. García-Campayo, J., Navarro-Gil, M., Andrés, E., Montero- Marín, J., López-Artal, L., & Piva, D. M. (2014) .Validation of the Spanish versions of the long (26 items) and short (12 items) forms of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12(4), 1-9. Doi: doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-4.

  17. Germer, C. K. (2009). €e mindful path to self compassion: Freeing yourself from destructives thoughts and emotions. Nueva York: ˜e Gilford Press.

  18. Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011). Loving- kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological intervention. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(7), 1126-1132. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003.

  19. Hozel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S., Gard, T., & Lazar, S.W. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research, 191(1), 36-43.Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j. pscychresns.2010.08.006.

  20. Hutcherson, C. A., Seppala, E. M., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Loving- kindness meditation increases social connectedness. Emotion, 8(5), 720-724. Doi: 10.1037/a0013237.

  21. Kelly, C. A., Carter, J. C., Zuro¥, D. C., & Borairi, S. (2013). Self-compassion and fear of self-compassion interact to predict response eating disorder treatment: A preliminary investigation. Psychotherapy Research, 23(3), 252-264.Doi: doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2012.717310.

  22. Kraus, S., & Sears, S. (2009). Measuring the immeasurables: Development and initial validation of the self-other four immeasurables (SOFI). Scale based on Buddhist teachings on loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Social Indicators Research, 92, 169-181. Doi: 10.1007/s11205- 008-9300-1.

  23. Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: Self compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectišcation in college women. Body Image, 14, 5-12. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim. 2015.02.006.

  24. Magnusson, D. (1998). Teoría de los test. México: Trillas.

  25. Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2016). Protection or Vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373- 383. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2005.

  26. Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027.

  27. Neff, K., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-Compassion versus global self-esteem: Two di¥erent ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 71(1), 23-29. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467- 6494.2008.00537.x

  28. Neff, K., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptative psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139-154. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004.

  29. Raes, F., Pommier, E., Ne¥, K. D., & van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self-compassion scale. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. Doi: 10.1002/cpp.702.

  30. Roseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1-36. Doi: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02.

  31. Salzberg, S. (2011). Mindfulness and loving-kindness. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 177-182. Doi: doi.org/10.1080/14 639947.2011.564837.

  32. Sangharákshita, U. (2010). El diálogo del Buda sobre el amor incondicional. El Sutta Karaniya Mettá. Ciudad de México, México: Ediciones CBCM.

  33. Schoenefeld, S. J., & Webb, J. B. (2013). Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: Examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action. Eating Behaviors, 14(1), 493-496. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.09.001.

  34. Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373-386. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20237.

  36. Anãlayo. (2013). Sati. En Anãlayo (ed.), Satipatthana. €e direct path to realization. Cambridge: Windhorse Publications. 2. Astin, A. W., & Keen, J. P. (2006). Equanimity and spirituality. Religion and Education. 33(2), 1-8. Doi: doi.org/10.1080/1 5507394.2006.10012375. 3. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Dugan, D., & Williams, M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire in meditating and non meditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329-342. Doi: doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313003. 4. Beaumont, E., Durkin, M., Martin, C. J. H., & Carson, J. (2016). Compassion for others, self-compassion, quality of life and mental well-being measures and their association with compassion fatigue and burnout in student midwives: A quantitative survey. Midwifery, 34, 239-244. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.002. Bien, T. (2008). Las cuatro moradas sublimes: preparándonos para estar presentes. En Hicks, S. F., & Bien, T. (eds.), Mindfulness y psicoterapia (pp. 59-85). Barcelona: Kairos. 5. Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness- based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26(5), 359-371. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/smi.1305. 6. Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. (2014). Mindfulness and self-compassion: Exploring pathways to adolescent emotional well-being. Journal of Children and Family Studies, 23(7), 1298- 1309. Doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9830-2. 7. Bluth, K., Gaylor, S. A., Campo, R. A., Mullarkey, M. C., & Hobbs, L. (2016). Making friends with yourself: A mixed methods pilot study of a mindful self-compassion program for adolescents. Mindfulness, 7(2), 479-492. Doi: 10.1007/ s12671-015-0476-6. 8. Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body Image, 17, 117-131. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j. bodyim.2016.03.003. 9. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in dešning and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248. Doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bph078. 10. Campos, D., Cebolla, A., Quero, S., Breton-López, J., Botella, C., Soler, J., García, J., García-Campayo, J., Demarzo, M., & Baños, R. M. (2015). Meditation and happiness: Mindfulness and self compassion may mediate the meditation- happiness relationship. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 1-6. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.040. 11. Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). ˜e assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale.² Assessment,² 15(2), 204-223. Doi: doi. org/10.1177/1073191107311467. 12. Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cruz, B. (2016). Relationships between nurses’ empathy, self-compassion and dimensions of professional quality of life: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 60, 1-11. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.015. 13. Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Co¥ey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-Kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045-1062. doi:10.1037/a0013262. 14. Friis, M. A., Johnson, M. H., Cutšeld, R. G., & Consedine, N. S. (2016). Kindness matters: A randomized controlled trial of a mindful self-compassion intervention improves depression, distress, and HbA1c² among patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0416. 15. García, R. M., Ferrer, J. M., Ayora, A. A., Herrero, M. A., Amutio, A., & Ferrer, R. (2018). Aplicación de un programa de²mindfulness²en profesionales de un servicio de medicina intensiva. Efecto sobre el²burnout, la empatía y la autocompasión. Medicina Intensiva. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. medin.2018.02.005. 16. García-Campayo, J., Navarro-Gil, M., Andrés, E., Montero- Marín, J., López-Artal, L., & Piva, D. M. (2014) .Validation of the Spanish versions of the long (26 items) and short (12 items) forms of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12(4), 1-9. Doi: doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-4. 17. Germer, C. K. (2009). €e mindful path to self compassion: Freeing yourself from destructives thoughts and emotions. Nueva York: ˜e Gilford Press. 18. Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011). Loving- kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological intervention. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(7), 1126-1132. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003. 19. Hozel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S., Gard, T., & Lazar, S.W. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research, 191(1), 36-43.Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j. pscychresns.2010.08.006. 20. Hutcherson, C. A., Seppala, E. M., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Loving- kindness meditation increases social connectedness. Emotion, 8(5), 720-724. Doi: 10.1037/a0013237. 21. Kelly, C. A., Carter, J. C., Zuro¥, D. C., & Borairi, S. (2013). Self-compassion and fear of self-compassion interact to predict response eating disorder treatment: A preliminary investigation. Psychotherapy Research, 23(3), 252-264.Doi: doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2012.717310. 22. Kraus, S., & Sears, S. (2009). Measuring the immeasurables: Development and initial validation of the self-other four immeasurables (SOFI). Scale based on Buddhist teachings on loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Social Indicators Research, 92, 169-181. Doi: 10.1007/s11205- 008-9300-1. 23. Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: Self compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectišcation in college women. Body Image, 14, 5-12. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim. 2015.02.006. 24. Magnusson, D. (1998). Teoría de los test. México: Trillas. 25. Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2016). Protection or Vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373- 383. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2005. 26. Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027. 27. Neff, K., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-Compassion versus global self-esteem: Two di¥erent ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 71(1), 23-29. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467- 6494.2008.00537.x 28. Neff, K., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptative psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139-154. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004. 29. Raes, F., Pommier, E., Ne¥, K. D., & van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self-compassion scale. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. Doi: 10.1002/cpp.702. 30. Roseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1-36. Doi: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02. 31. Salzberg, S. (2011). Mindfulness and loving-kindness. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 177-182. Doi: doi.org/10.1080/14 639947.2011.564837. 32. Sangharákshita, U. (2010). El diálogo del Buda sobre el amor incondicional. El Sutta Karaniya Mettá. Ciudad de México, México: Ediciones CBCM. 33. Schoenefeld, S. J., & Webb, J. B. (2013). Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: Examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action. Eating Behaviors, 14(1), 493-496. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.09.001. 34. Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373-386. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20237. 35. Sociedad Mexicana de Psicología (2009). Código ético del Psicólogo. México: Trillas. 35. Stewart, T. M. (2004). Light on body image treatment. Behavior Modi£cation, 28(6), 783-811. Doi: 10.1177/0145445503259862. ˜36. Tera, N. (1994). €e four sublime states contemplations on love, compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity. Buddhist Publication Society: Sri Lanka.

  37. Trompetter, H. R., Kleine, E., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). Why does positive mental health bu¥er against psychopathology? An exploratory study on self-compassion as a resilience mechanism and adaptive emotion regulation strategy.

  38. Anãlayo. (2013). Sati. En Anãlayo (ed.), Satipatthana. €e direct path to realization. Cambridge: Windhorse Publications.

  39. Astin, A. W., & Keen, J. P. (2006). Equanimity and spirituality. Religion and Education. 33(2), 1-8. Doi: doi.org/10.1080/1 5507394.2006.10012375.

  40. Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., Walsh, E., Dugan, D., & Williams, M. G. (2008). Construct validity of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire in meditating and non meditating samples. Assessment, 15(3), 329-342. Doi: doi.org/10.1177/1073191107313003.

  41. Beaumont, E., Durkin, M., Martin, C. J. H., & Carson, J. (2016). Compassion for others, self-compassion, quality of life and mental well-being measures and their association with compassion fatigue and burnout in student midwives: A quantitative survey. Midwifery, 34, 239-244. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.midw.2015.11.002. Bien, T. (2008). Las cuatro moradas sublimes: preparándonos para estar presentes. En Hicks, S. F., & Bien, T. (eds.), Mindfulness y psicoterapia (pp. 59-85). Barcelona: Kairos.

  42. Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self-compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness- based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26(5), 359-371. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/smi.1305.

  43. Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. (2014). Mindfulness and self-compassion: Exploring pathways to adolescent emotional well-being. Journal of Children and Family Studies, 23(7), 1298- 1309. Doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9830-2.

  44. Bluth, K., Gaylor, S. A., Campo, R. A., Mullarkey, M. C., & Hobbs, L. (2016). Making friends with yourself: A mixed methods pilot study of a mindful self-compassion program for adolescents. Mindfulness, 7(2), 479-492. Doi: 10.1007/ s12671-015-0476-6.

  45. Braun, T. D., Park, C. L., & Gorin, A. (2016). Self-compassion, body image, and disordered eating: A review of the literature. Body Image, 17, 117-131. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j. bodyim.2016.03.003.

  46. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2004). Perils and promise in dešning and measuring mindfulness: Observations from experience. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 242-248. Doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bph078.

  47. Campos, D., Cebolla, A., Quero, S., Breton-López, J., Botella, C., Soler, J., García, J., García-Campayo, J., Demarzo, M., & Baños, R. M. (2015). Meditation and happiness: Mindfulness and self compassion may mediate the meditation- happiness relationship. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 1-6. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.040.

  48. Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). ˜e assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale.² Assessment,² 15(2), 204-223. Doi: doi. org/10.1177/1073191107311467.

  49. Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cruz, B. (2016). Relationships between nurses’ empathy, self-compassion and dimensions of professional quality of life: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 60, 1-11. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.015.

  50. Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Co¥ey, K. A., Pek, J., & Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-Kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045-1062. doi:10.1037/a0013262.

  51. Friis, M. A., Johnson, M. H., Cutšeld, R. G., & Consedine, N. S. (2016). Kindness matters: A randomized controlled trial of a mindful self-compassion intervention improves depression, distress, and HbA1c² among patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. Doi: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-0416.

  52. García, R. M., Ferrer, J. M., Ayora, A. A., Herrero, M. A., Amutio, A., & Ferrer, R. (2018). Aplicación de un programa de²mindfulness²en profesionales de un servicio de medicina intensiva. Efecto sobre el²burnout, la empatía y la autocompasión. Medicina Intensiva. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j. medin.2018.02.005.

  53. García-Campayo, J., Navarro-Gil, M., Andrés, E., Montero- Marín, J., López-Artal, L., & Piva, D. M. (2014) .Validation of the Spanish versions of the long (26 items) and short (12 items) forms of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12(4), 1-9. Doi: doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-4.

  54. Germer, C. K. (2009). €e mindful path to self compassion: Freeing yourself from destructives thoughts and emotions. Nueva York: ˜e Gilford Press.

  55. Hofmann, S. G., Grossman, P., & Hinton, D. E. (2011). Loving- kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological intervention. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(7), 1126-1132. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.07.003.

  56. Hozel, B. K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S., Gard, T., & Lazar, S.W. (2011). Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density. Psychiatry Research, 191(1), 36-43.Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j. pscychresns.2010.08.006.

  57. Hutcherson, C. A., Seppala, E. M., & Gross, J. J. (2008). Loving- kindness meditation increases social connectedness. Emotion, 8(5), 720-724. Doi: 10.1037/a0013237.

  58. Kelly, C. A., Carter, J. C., Zuro¥, D. C., & Borairi, S. (2013). Self-compassion and fear of self-compassion interact to predict response eating disorder treatment: A preliminary investigation. Psychotherapy Research, 23(3), 252-264.Doi: doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2012.717310.

  59. Kraus, S., & Sears, S. (2009). Measuring the immeasurables: Development and initial validation of the self-other four immeasurables (SOFI). Scale based on Buddhist teachings on loving-kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. Social Indicators Research, 92, 169-181. Doi: 10.1007/s11205- 008-9300-1.

  60. Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: Self compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectišcation in college women. Body Image, 14, 5-12. Doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim. 2015.02.006.

  61. Magnusson, D. (1998). Teoría de los test. México: Trillas.

  62. Muris, P., & Petrocchi, N. (2016). Protection or Vulnerability? A meta-analysis of the relations between the positive and negative components of self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(2), 373- 383. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2005.

  63. Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027.

  64. Neff, K., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-Compassion versus global self-esteem: Two di¥erent ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 71(1), 23-29. Doi: 10.1111/j.1467- 6494.2008.00537.x

  65. Neff, K., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptative psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139-154. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004.

  66. Raes, F., Pommier, E., Ne¥, K. D., & van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the self-compassion scale. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. Doi: 10.1002/cpp.702.

  67. Roseel, Y. (2012). Lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1-36. Doi: 10.18637/jss.v048.i02.

  68. Salzberg, S. (2011). Mindfulness and loving-kindness. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 177-182. Doi: doi.org/10.1080/14 639947.2011.564837.

  69. Sangharákshita, U. (2010). El diálogo del Buda sobre el amor incondicional. El Sutta Karaniya Mettá. Ciudad de México, México: Ediciones CBCM.

  70. Schoenefeld, S. J., & Webb, J. B. (2013). Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: Examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action. Eating Behaviors, 14(1), 493-496. Doi: doi. org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.09.001.

  71. Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L. E., Astin, J. A., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 373-386. Doi: doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20237.

  72. Sociedad Mexicana de Psicología (2009). Código ético del Psicólogo. México: Trillas. 35. Stewart, T. M. (2004). Light on body image treatment. Behavior Modi£cation, 28(6), 783-811. Doi: 10.1177/0145445503259862.

  73. Tera, N. (1994). €e four sublime states contemplations on love, compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity. Buddhist Publication Society: Sri Lanka.

  74. Trompetter, H. R., Kleine, E., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). Why does positive mental health bu¥er against psychopathology? An exploratory study on self-compassion as a resilience mechanism and adaptive emotion regulation strategy.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com