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ISSN 0188-9796 (Print)

2001, Number 3

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2001; 9 (3)

Menstrual alterations in adolescents

Schiavon-Ermani R, Jiménez-Villanueva CH

Language: Spanish
References: 38
Page: 141-153
PDF size: 211.69 Kb.


ABSTRACT

In this article, we discuss the impact menstrual bleeding causes on women’s and particularly adolescent’s general health. The changes over last centuries of the “normal” menstrual patterns are mentioned, due to changing reproductive behaviors and nutritional status. On the other side, different menstrual disturbances, either in excess (hyperpolymenorrhea) or in defect (oligomenorrhea), are very frequent during adolescence; have an immediate impact on patient’s quality of life and may additionally have significant consequences on reproductive and metabolic performance during entire women’s life. Because of these reasons, menstrual disorders should be considered as a public health problem, and deserve more adequate preventive and therapeutical approaches, especially during adolescence. The article reviews existing epidemiological information on menstrual bleeding characteristics in adolescents; normal and pathological criteria in terms of its frequency, duration and quantity; prevalence of anovulatory cycles in the first reproductive years. We also review the physiology of hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovarian (H-H-O) axis, as well as the end-organ (endometrium, lower genital organs) response to hormonal stimulation, that finally results in cyclic menstrual bleeding. Possible corresponding causes of disturbances, at center (CNS, H-H) or periphery, as well as endocrine and systemic associated illnesses, are analyzed. Finally, we suggest simple diagnostic and therapeutic roules, according to the physiopatology of the disorder and to the therapeutic end-point. We insist on a conservative and preventive approach, aimed at preserving the reproductive potential of these young patients.


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