medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3252 (Print)
Revista de la Asociación Médica del Centro Médico ABC

2018, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC 2018; 63 (2)

Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome

Cadena FA, Barrera OCA, Mendoza AR, Montoya GC

Language: Spanish
References: 13
Page: 129-133
PDF size: 241.28 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Infectious diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus represent a major clinical and public health problem. Although some strains may be categorized as part of the human microbiota, Staphylococcus aureus is one of the exceptions and is responsible for the most threatening infections acquired in the community. Specifically, Staphylococcus aureus infection is the most frequent cause of infectious endocarditis and osteomyelitis, as well as one of the main causes of sepsis in adults. We present the clinical case of a 25-year-old man who came to the hospital two weeks after having a bruise on his left knee. Three days before, gastrointestinal symptoms, decreased urinary volumes and weakness were added. Upon arrival at the emergency department, soft skin tissue infection was recognized and multiple organ failure was documented. Aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation and vasopressors were started and empirical antibiotic treatment was added with meropenem and linezolid. This case illustrates the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to elicit a life-threatening infection and the value of its early recognition. Although the incidence of this syndrome is rare, it must be a differential diagnosis to take into account in order to provide an early and timely treatment.


REFERENCES

  1. Kulhankova K, King J, Salgado-Pabón W. Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome: superantigen-mediated enhancement of endotoxin shock and adaptive immune suppression. Immunol Res. 2014; 59 (1-3): 182-187.

  2. Tong SY, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL, Fowler VG Jr. Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015; 28 (3): 603-661.

  3. Byrd AL, Belkaid Y, Segre JA. The human skin microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2018; 16 (3): 143-155.

  4. Spaulding AR, Salgado-Pabón W, Kohler PL, Horswill AR, Leung DY, Schlievert PM. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013; 26 (3): 422-447.

  5. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Update: toxic-shock syndrome —United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1983; 32 (30): 398-400.

  6. Schlievert PM, Tripp TJ, Peterson ML. Reemergence of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, during the 2000-2003 surveillance period. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42 (6): 2875-2876.

  7. Smit MA, Nyquist AC, Todd JK. Infectious shock and toxic shock syndrome diagnoses in hospitals, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013; 19 (11): 1855-1858.

  8. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Reduced incidence of menstrual toxic-shock syndrome —United States, 1980-1990. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990; 39 (25): 421-423.

  9. Hajjeh RA, Reingold A, Weil A, Shutt K, Schuchat A, Perkins BA. Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: surveillance update, 1979 1996. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999; 5 (6): 807-810.

  10. Takahashi N, Imanishi K, Uchiyama T. Overall picture of an emerging neonatal infectious disease induced by a superantigenic exotoxin mainly produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbiol Immunol. 2013; 57 (11): 737-745.

  11. Schwab I, Nimmerjahn F. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: how does IgG modulate the immune system? Nat Rev Immunol. 2013; 13 (3): 176-189.

  12. Wilkins AL, Steer AC, Smeesters PR, Curtis N. Toxic shock syndrome - the seven Rs of management and treatment. J Infect. 2017; 74 Suppl 1: S147-S152.

  13. Keller MA, Stiehm ER. Passive immunity in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000; 13 (4): 602-614.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com