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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2018, Number 3

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2018; 19 (3)

Safety and effectiveness of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Results from a proof of concept study

Gómez-Fernández L, Vidal-Martínez B, Maragoto-Rizo C, Morales-Chacón L, Berrillo-Batista S, Vera-Cuesta H, Selguera-Wilson M, Denis-Vidal M, Marín-Alvarez T, Sánchez-Coroneaux A, Cabrera-González Y, Báez-Martín M, Alarcón-Calaña C, Robinson-Agramonte M, Llanez-García Y

Language: Spanish
References: 41
Page: 8-20
PDF size: 767.15 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction. Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) still being a therapeutic challenge for neurosciences. Different pharmachological and non-pharmachological treatments have been developed inducing benefits in ASD patients in some degree, with cumulative effect; but more research is needed to improve clinical results. There are evidences about the potential positive effects of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation(NIBS) in ASD patients.
Objective. To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of NIBS in patients with ASD.
Methods. We carried out a proof of concept study including 15 children with ASD according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. They proceeded from the ambulatory services of the International Center for Neurological Restoration and Borrás-Marfán Hospital(Havana, Cuba). Inclusion criteria established that children should had no change in their therapeutic approach one month before the intervention; and an equivalent period of stabilization of their symptoms. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation(rTMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS) were used as stimulation methods; tDCS(cathode F3, anode right arm) was used in children under 10 years and 11 month; and 1 Hz rTMS for children over 11 years. Stimulation was focalized over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and a total of 20 session were applied. Patients were evaluated before and one week after the intervention applying the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist(ATEC), the Autism Diagnostic Interview(ADI-R) and the Autism Behavior Checklist(ABC).
Results. Only in one patient it was not possible to start the treatment because of poor collaboration. The other 14 completed the 20 sessions with a few adverse effects, basically local pain at the stimulation site. A significant change in clinical scales was observed, with lower scores in the second evaluation, (ADI-R: initial= 52±9, final=44.4±7; ATEC: 58±19.4 and 41±14.7; ABC: 108.4±23.7 and 89±17; p‹0.05); indicating a clinical improvement in the group of patients.
Conclusions. NIBS was well tolerated and induced behavioral changes in our sample of patients in key aspects of autistic behavior.


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