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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2017, Number 4

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2017; 18 (4)

Autism Spectrum Disorder: a challenge for the neurosciences

Machado C, Rodríguez R, Estévez M, Leisman G, Chinchilla M; Portela L

Language: Spanish
References: 41
Page: 30-45
PDF size: 485.30 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) can be better understood by examining its nature by analyzing brain connectivity.
Objective: To better understand the nature of brain connectivities in autistics electrophysiologically.
Methods: Brain connectivity can be subdivided into structural or anatomical connectivity (AC) and functional connectivity (FC). A group of 21 autistics, 13 male and 8 female, aged 3 to 9 years were studied. A control group, matched for age and sex with the patient group were also examined.
Results: Increased connectivity between closely related structures was observed, indicating local over-connectivity in ASD as well as a lower power spectral density value, probability, and strength of connection (sub-connectivity) for networks of medium and long distances. The “grand average” fractional anisotropy (FA) measured at the longitudinal superior fasciculus, the longitudinal inferior fasciculus, and at the arcuate fasciculus, showed that there is a significantly higher (FA) in the right cerebral hemisphere compared with the left. A significantly lower concentration of normalized N-acetyl aspartate (NAA/Cr) was found in the left hemisphere, and calculating the correlation between the FA and the concentration of NAA/Cr, a significant positive correlation for the left hemisphere was shown, while the right hemisphere correlation was significantly negative. ASD individuals showed lower values of coherence in the right hemisphere in the video without audio condition.
Conclusions: It is concluded that in the pathophysiology of ASD is associated with an excess of local connectivity, with a deficit of connectivity in medium and long distances, perhaps as a result of alterations in the elimination or synapse formation.


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