Pérez ER

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 7-16
PDF size: 466.88 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Major depressive disorder represents one of the main causes of disability worldwide. Its neurobiology is complex, involving genetic, molecular, neurophysiological and psychosocial factors. Treatment options include psychotherapy, psychotropic medication, electroconvulsive therapy, and transcranial and deep magnetic stimulation. Currently available medication will only achieve modest response and remission rates. Current antidepressants have the common characteristic of regulating the monoaminergic neurotransmission systems (serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine), regardless of their different mechanisms of action, and share similar efficacy. The choice of the antidepressant must be individualized and based on the symptomatic characteristics of the depressive episode, comorbidities, side effects, pharmacological interactions, and availability. For this reason, practitioners must be deeply familiar with the pharmacological profiles of the antidepressants. Recent advances in research on the neurobiology of depression have involved the glutamatergic system as a contributor. Also, the discovery of the antidepressant effects of ketamine, a glutamatergic NMDA receptor antagonist, has opened the doors to the development of strategies directed to new therapeutic targets

REFERENCES

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013.

2. Global Burden of Disease Study C. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;386(9995):743-800.

3. Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, et al. Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(3): 220-9.

4. Dhar AK, Barton DA. Depression and the Link with Cardiovascular Disease. Front Psychiatry. 2016;7:33.

5. Medina-Mora ME, Borges G, Benjet C, Lara C, Berglund P. Psychiatric disorders in Mexico: lifetime prevalence in a nationally representative sample. Br J Psychiatry. 2007; 190:521-8.

6. Gomez-Dantes H, Fullman N, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, et al. Dissonant health transition in the states of Mexico, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2016;388(10058):2386-402.

7. Borges G OR, Benjet C, Medina-Mora ME. Suicidio y conductas suicidas en México: retrospectiva y situación actual. Salud Pública de México. 2010;52(4):292-304.

8. American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. 3rd ed. Arlington, VA2010.

9. Lam RW, McIntosh D, Wang J, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Section 1. Disease Burden and Principles of Care. Can J Psychiatry. 2016;61(9):510-23.

10. Gaynes BN, Warden D, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, Fava M, Rush AJ. What did STAR*D teach us? Results from a large-scale, practical, clinical trial for patients with depression. Psychiatr Serv. 2009;60(11):1439-45.

11. Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, et al. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report. Am J Psychiatry. 2006;163(11):1905-17.

12. Hillhouse TM, Porter JH. A brief history of the development of antidepressant drugs: from monoamines to glutamate. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2015;23(1):1-21.

13. Hirschfeld RM. History and evolution of the monoamine hypothesis of depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61 Suppl 6:4-6.

14. Cai S, Huang S, Hao W. New hypothesis and treatment targets of depression: an integrated view of key findings. Neurosci Bull. 2015;31(1):61-74.

15. Kupfer DJ, Frank E, Phillips ML. Major depressive disorder: new clinical, neurobiological, and treatment perspectives. Lancet. 2012;379(9820):1045-55.

16. Sullivan PF, Daly MJ, O’Donovan M. Genetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications. Nat Rev Genet. 2012;13(8):537-51.

17. Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, et al. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(5):446-57.

18. Lener MS, Niciu MJ, Ballard ED, et al. Glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Systems in the Pathophysiology of Major Depression and Antidepressant Response to Ketamine. Biol Psychiatry. 2016.

19. Kennedy SH, Lam RW, McIntyre RS, et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Section 3. Pharmacological Treatments. Can J Psychiatry. 2016;61(9):540-60.

20. Stahl SM. Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific Basis and Practical Applications. New York, United States of America: Cambridge University Press; 2013.

21. Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Morgan LC, et al. Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder: an updated meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(11):772-85.

22. Khoo AL, Zhou HJ, Teng M, et al. Network Meta-Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of New Generation Antidepressants. CNS Drugs. 2015;29(8):695-712.

23. Ramsberg J, Asseburg C, Henriksson M. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of antidepressants in primary care: a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness model. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42003.

24. Linde K, Kriston L, Rucker G, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological treatments for depressive disorders in primary care: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ann Fam Med. 2015;13(1):69-79.

25. Berman RM, Cappiello A, Anand A, et al. Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry. 2000;47(4):351-4.

26. Scheuing L, Chiu CT, Liao HM, Chuang DM. Antidepressant mechanism of ketamine: perspective from preclinical studies. Front Neurosci. 2015;9:249.

27. Kishimoto T, Chawla JM, Hagi K, et al. Single-dose infusion ketamine and non-ketamine N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists for unipolar and bipolar depression: a meta-analysis of efficacy, safety and time trajectories. Psychol Med. 2016;46(7):1459-72.

28. Romeo B, Choucha W, Fossati P, Rotge JY. Meta-analysis of short- and mid-term efficacy of ketamine in unipolar and bipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. 2015;230(2):682-8.

29. McGirr A, Berlim MT, Bond DJ, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of adjunctive ketamine in electroconvulsive therapy: efficacy and tolerability. J Psychiatr Res. 2015;62:23-30.

30. Murrough JW, Soleimani L, DeWilde KE, et al. Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med. 2015;45(16):3571-80.