Pérez ER

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 30
Paginas: 7-16
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RESUMEN

El trastorno depresivo mayor representa una de las principales causas de discapacidad a nivel mundial. Su neurobiología es compleja, e involucra factores genéticos, moleculares, neurofisiológicos y psicosociales. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen la psicoterapia, los psicofármacos, la terapia electroconvulsiva, y la terapia magnética transcraneal y profunda. El tratamiento farmacológico disponible en la actualidad únicamente alcanza tasas de respuesta y remisión sintomática modestas. Los antidepresivos actuales, a pesar de sus distintos mecanismos de acción, tienen como común denominador la regulación de sistemas de neurotransmisión monoaminérgica (serotonina, noradrenalina, dopamina), y comparten similar eficacia. La elección del antidepresivo a utilizar debe individualizarse y basarse en las características sintomáticas del cuadro depresivo, comorbilidades, efectos secundarios, interacciones farmacológicas y disponibilidad. Por esta razón, el médico debe conocer los perfiles farmacológicos de los antidepresivos a profundidad. Los recientes avances en la in- Tratamiento farmacológico de la depresión: actualidades y futuras direcciones Rodrigo Pérez Esparzaa,b vestigación sobre la neurobiología de la depresión involucran al sistema glutamatérgico como un contribuyente. A su vez, el descubrimiento de los efectos antidepresivos de la ketamina, un antagonista del receptor NMDA de glutamato, ha abierto las puertas para el desarrollo de estrategias dirigidas a nuevos blancos terapéuticos.

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