González-Guerrero MC, Morales-Lara AC, Guzmán-Castellanos LA, Montes-Esquivel LM, Ramírez-Fontes A, Wheber- Hidalgo KA, Vázquez-Armenta G

Language: Spanish
References: 31
Page: 85-93
PDF size: 308.68 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Acute otitis media is one of the most common infections in children. Researchers all around the world have described several risk factors associated with the disease in hospitalized children and those who live in communities. Nevertheless, there is not enough information about the frequency of acute otitis media and its probable risk factors in resident's children of orphanage.
Objective. To describe the frequency with which an acute otitis media episode occurs in children <8 years of age residing in an orphanage in the city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, and to identify the main predisposing factors of the disease in this environment.
Material and Methods. From January 2013 to March 2014, an observational, descriptive study of cases and controls was carried out, in which, through the review of medical records from an orphanage in Guadalajara, Jalisco, the prevalence of acute otitis media was estimated and demographic information, antecedents of previous and concurrent diseases, vaccination schedule, breastfeeding time, smoking and overcrowding were collected. Data were described using means of central tendency and proportions. We determined the association between children with (cases) and without (controls) middle ear infection and the variables under study. The magnitude of the association was estimated using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Results. We reviewed 160 medical records, from which 9 were excluded because they did not meet inclusion criteria. Of the 151 files included in the analysis, 39 children were diagnosed with acute otitis media (prevalence of 26% [95% CI = 19%, 34%]). The main risk factors associated with the occurrence of acute otitis media were: pre-school age (RR = 3.37, 95% CI 0.93, 15.2, P = 0.04), overcrowding rate› 2.5 people / room 95% 1.14, 5.86, p = 0.01), previous upper respiratory tract infections (RM = 3.81, 95% CI 1.21, 15.8, p = 0.01) and the history of one or more allergies (RM = 2.91, 95% CI, 1.23, 6.83, p = 0.006). Prolonged breastfeeding (› 6 months) protects against acute otitis media (RM = 0.26, 95% CI 0.26 (0.09, 0.72, 0.003).
Conclusions. The prevalence of otitis media is high in children who live in a home. There are relevant risk factors and protective factors associated with the disease. This information may be important for disease prevention programs.

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