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2016, Number 4

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Rev Hosp Jua Mex 2016; 83 (4)

Factores de riesgo asociados a bajo peso al nacimiento

Ulloa-Ricárdez A, Del Castillo-Medina JA, Moreno MA

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 122-128
PDF size: 174.32 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background. Infants with low birth weight (LBW) are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality and their frequency has increased in recent years in Mexico, especially in Mexico City, according to the latest report of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. Its frequency is reported worldwide from 2 to 28%. It is a heterogeneous group that includes infants born at term, premature and multiple pregnancy products. Material and methods. It is a casecontrol study at the Hospital Juárez de México. We studied 100 cases and 200 controls of infants at term weight less than 2,500 g at birth. The following variables were recorded: weight, gestational age and infant’s birth canal, age, residence, schooling, occupation of the mother as well as smoking, weight gain, urinary tract infection and vaginal infection during pregnancy. To compare qualitative variables we used χ2 or Fisher exact test for quantitative variables we used Student’s test or Mann Whitney U. We used logistic regression to estimate OR for independent association with LBW. Results. There were 995 births in the period of study, of which, 100 were LBW at term infants, females predominated in 54 %, the average weight was 2,110 g and mean gestational age was 38.5 weeks. Smoking (OR = 16.4, 95% CI = 2.1-128, p ‹ 0.05), weight gain under 8 kg (OR = 7.6, 95 % CI = 3.1-4, p = 0.006), maternal urinary tract infection (OR = 1.9, 95 % CI = 1-3.9, p = 0.047) and maternal vaginal infection (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-2.59, p = 0.004) during pregnancy were shown to be risk factors for LBW in infants. The sex of the newborn, maternal age, marital status, education, occupation and place of residence of the mother showed no significant a risk factor in this group of patients. Conclusion. The frequency of low birth weight in infants born at term in this study was as high as 10 % and associated risk factors as maternal smoking, low weight gain during pregnancy and infections, were more significant.


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