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Revista de Enfermería del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

2017, Number 1

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Rev Enferm IMSS 2017; 25 (1)

Metabolic and non-metabolic risk factors in adults from a health center in the Estado de México

Sosa-García BC, García-Reza C, Gómez-Martínez V, Basurto-Acevedo ML, Oros-Pantoja R, Díaz-Martínez AG

Language: Spanish
References: 74
Page: 29-35
PDF size: 326.08 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: In the last decades, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased considerably in Mexico. In 2000 the National Health Survey reported 2.1 millions of people affected; in 2006, 3.7 millions; and in 2012, 6.4 millions. Acting together, T2DM and cardiovascular disease are the leading cause of mortality with a trend that is increasing progressively in recent years.
Objective: To identify and describe metabolic and non-metabolic risk factors in adults enrolled in a health center in the Estado de México.
Methods: A non-random sampling of 586 male and female patients was divided into three groups: normal glucose (NG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2DM. Metabolic (triglycerides, HDLcholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure) and non-metabolic (weight, height and waist circumference) variables were measured.
Results: Mean levels of total cholesterol in the three groups were higher in the GN group with 203.6 ± 36.7 mg/dL vs. 199.4 ± 39.7mg/dL vs. 200.6 ± 44.7mg/dL, respectively. Serum levels of LDL-cholesterol in the GN and GAA groups were similar with 120.7 ± 32.3 vs. 120.5 ± 33.7, respectively; in the T2DM group, the serum level of LDL-C decreased (114.6 ± 36.5 mg/dL).
Conclusions: Our findings show that patients with T2DM along with patients without diabetes show high frequency of alterations in lipid profiles and diastolic blood pressure, as well as abdominal obesity.


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  39. OMS alerta sobre aumento de Hipertensão e Diabetes no Mundo. WSCOM (sitio web). [Consultado en enero de 2015 ]. Disponible en http://www.wscom.com.br/mobile/blog/joaomodesto/oms+alert a+sobre+aumento+de+hipertensao+e+diabetes+no+mundo-7981

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  41. World Health Organization. Investing in a healthy breakfast will reduce the global burden of diabetes, and save billions in lost productivity and healthcare costs. [Consultado en marzo de 2012]. Disponible en http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/wddguidebook- 2014-en.pdf

  42. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(1):S62-9.

  43. Grimaldi A. Polidipsia-poliuria. EMC - Tratado de Medicina. 2012; 16(2):1-2.

  44. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010 Jan;87(1):4-14. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.007. Disponible en http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19896746

  45. Lorenzo C, Haffner SM. Performance Characteristics of the New Definition of Diabetes. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(2):335-7.

  46. Morris-Danielle H, Khunti K, Achana F, Srinivasan B, Gray LJ, Davies MJ et al. Progression rates from HbA1c 6.0-6.4% and other prediabetes definitions to type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2013;56(7):1489-93.

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  48. Mata-Cases M. Diabetes mellitus tipo 2: Protocolo de actuación. Grupo de Estudio de la Diabetes en Atención Primaria de Salud (GE DAPS) de la Societat Catalana de Medicina Familiar Comunitària, Barcelona, España.

  49. Díaz-Díaz O, Cabrera-Rode E, Orlandi-González N, Araña-Rosaínz M. Aspectos epidemiológicos de la prediabetes, diagnóstico y clasificación. Rev Cubana Endocrinol. 2011;22(1):3-10. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1561- 29532011000100003&lng=es

  50. Asociación Mexicana de Diabetes (AMD). Diagnóstico de diabetes. México: AMD; 2011.

  51. Mazón-Ramos P, Cordero A, González-Juanatey JR, Bertomeu-Martínez V, Delgado E, Vitale G et al. Control de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes diabéticos revascularizados: un subanálisis del estudio” ICP - Bypass Rev Esp Cardiol. 2015;68(2):115-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2014.03.021

  52. Pérez L, Saltijeral A, Vitale G, González B, Torres A, Álvarez LA. Prevalencia de colesterol LDL inadecuado en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria y/o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Revista Clínica Española. 2012;212(10):475-81.

  53. Herrero A, Garzón G, Gil A, García I, Vargas E, Torres N. Grado de control de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes con y sin enfermedad cardiovascular. Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN 2015;41(7): 354-61.

  54. Rodríguez-Bernardino Á, García-Polavieja P, Reviriego-Fernández JJ, Serrano-Ríos M. Prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y grado de concordancia en su diagnóstico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en España. Endocrinología y nutrición. 2010;57(2):60-70. doi: 10.1016/j.endonu.2009.12.002

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  56. Vinagre I, Mata-Cases M, Hermosilla E, Morros R, Fina F, Rosell M, et al. Control of Glycemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care in Catalonia (Spain). Diabetes Care. 2012;4(35):774-9.

  57. World Health Organization (WHO). Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Monitoring health for the SDGs. [Consultado en febrero de 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/gho/en/

  58. Gutiérrez JP, Rivera-Dommarco J, Shamah-Levy T, Villalpando-Her- nandez S, Franco A, Cuevas-Nasu L et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion 2012. Resultados Nacionales. Cuernavaca, Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (MX); 2012.

  59. Orlandi-González N, Álvarez-Seijas E, Elías-Calles LC, Hernández-Rodríguez J, Rodríguez-Anzardo BR, González-Calero TM, et al. Guías cubanas de práctica clínica basadas en la evidencia sobre el pesquisaje, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Disponible en http://files.sld.cu/pdvedado/files/2010/05/gpc-dm2- final.pdf

  60. Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL, Bruns DE, Horvath AR, Kirkman MS, et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jun;34(6):e61-99. doi: 10.2337/dc11-9998.

  61. Secretaría de Salud (SS). Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-043- SSA2-2005, Servicios básicos de salud. Promoción y educación para la salud en materia alimentaria. Criterios para brindar orientación. México: SS; 2006. Disponible en http://www.salud.gob. mx/unidades/cdi/nom/compi/043ssa205.pdf

  62. Siegel D. Concerns About the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure 8 Blood Pressure Panel Member Recommendations and Their Relevance to Metabolic Syndrome. Jun 2014;12(5):251-4.

  63. Querales M, Dominguez MI, Rojas S. Estimación del colesterol LDL a través de la ecuación brasilera: comparación con otras metodologías. Rev Latinoam Patol Clín Med Lab. 2015;62(2):91-6. Disponible en http://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/patol/pt-2015/pt152d.pdf

  64. Consejo Mexicano de Aterosclerosis. Revisión del 3° Informe del Programa de Tratamiento de la Aterosclerosis (ATP III), 2009. Disponible en http://lancet.mx/FASCICULOS/Monografias/ATPIII.pdf

  65. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002 Dec 17; 106(25):3143-421.

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  68. Soriguer F, Goday A, Bosch-Comas A, Bordiú E, Calle-Pascual A, Carmena R, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose regulation in Spain: the Di@bet.es Study. Diabetologia. 2012 Jan;55(1):88-93. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2336-9.

  69. Ayala Y, Acosta M, Zapata L. Control metabólico de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Rev Soc Peru. Med Interna. 2013; 26(2): 68-70.

  70. Almaguer-Herrera A, Miguel-Soca PE, Reynaldo-Será C, Mariño-Soler AL, Oliveros-Guerra RC. Actualización sobre diabetes mellitus. CCM. 2012;16(2). Disponible en http://www.revcocmed.sld.cu/ index.php/cocmed/article/view/507/71

  71. Hummasti S, Hotamisligil GS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in obesity and diabetes. Circ Res. 2010;107(5):579-91.

  72. Nathan MD, for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study at 30 Years: Overview. Diabetes Care. Jan 2014;37(1):9-16.

  73. Yoon U, Kwok LL, Magkidis A. Efficacy of lifestyle interventions in reducing diabetes incidence in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism. 2013 Feb;62(2):303-14. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.07.009.

  74. Després JP. Assessing the Cardiometabolic Risk of Obesity: Importance of Visceral/Ectopic Fat and of the Use of Hypertriglyceridemic Waist. Controversies in Obesity. 2014:127-35.




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