medigraphic.com
Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2005, Number 6

<< Back Next >>

Med Int Mex 2005; 21 (6)

Up-to-date in estrogenic hormone therapy and postmenopausal osteoporosis

Rivera MVC, Halabe CJ

Language: Spanish
References: 47
Page: 431-439
PDF size: 87.30 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis is defined as a generalized skeletal disorder characterized by a reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue quality, with subsequent increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fracture. Postmenopausal osteoporosis occurs in a subgroup of 51-75 years old women and is characterized by accelerated and disproportioned loss of trabecular bone. This article reviews hormone replacement therapy as treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, as well as other options of treatment.


REFERENCES

  1. Genant H, et al. Interim report and recommendations of the World Health Organization task-force for osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1999;10:259-64.

  2. Blake G, et al. Applications of bone densitometry for osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998;27:267-88.

  3. Millar P, et al. Bone mineral density—clinical use and application. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2003;32:159-79.

  4. Cummings S, et al. The future of hip fractures in the United States. Numbers, costs, and potential effects of postmenopausal estrogen. Clin Orthop 1990;252:163-6.

  5. Brown J, et al. 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. CMAJ 2002;167:S1-S34.

  6. Anónimo. Consenso Mexicano de Osteoporosis. Rev Invest Clin 2001;53:469-95.

  7. Parra M, et al. Factores de riesgo en la osteoporosis: evidencias clínicas y epidemiológicas. Gac Med Mex 1994;130:231-40.

  8. Gómez GF, et al. Epidemiología de fracturas en mayores de 50 años. Rev Mex Ort Traum 1988;2:114-8.

  9. Lindsay R, et al. The role of estrogen in the prevention of osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1998:27:399-411.

  10. Albright F, et al. Acute atrophy of bone simulating hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1941;1:711-6.

  11. Diaz C, et al. Study of bone mineral density in lumbar spine and femoral neck in a Spanish population. Multicentre Research Project on Osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 1997;7:59-64.

  12. Khosla S, et al. Effects of age and estrogen status on serum PTH levels and biochemical markers of bone turnover in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:1522-57.

  13. Melton F, et al. Risk of mortality following clinical fractures. Osteoporosis Int 2000;11:556-61.

  14. Garrido L, et al. Age of natural menopause among women in México city. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1996;53:159-66.

  15. Bonjour J, et al. Bone acquisition in adolescence. Osteoporosis 1996;2:456-76.

  16. Cummings S, et al. Endogenous hormones and the risk of hip and vertebral fractures among older women. N Engl J Med 1998;339:733-8.

  17. Dempster W, et al. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Lancet 1993;341:260-2.

  18. Khosla S, et al. The OPG/RANK/RANKL system. Endocrinology 2001;142:5050-5.

  19. Riggs B, et al. Sex steroid and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton. Endocr Rev 2002;23:279-302.

  20. Recommendations for estrogen and progestogen use in peri and postmenopausal women: October 2004 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2004;11:589-600.

  21. Christiansen C, et al. 17 beta-estradiol and continuous norethisterone: a unique treatment for established osteoporosis in elderly women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71:836-41.

  22. Prince R, et al. Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A comparative study of exercise, calcium supplementation and hormone-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:1189-95.

  23. O’Conell D, et al. A systematic review of the skeletal effects of estrogen therapy in post-menopausal women. An assessment of treatment effects. Climateric 1998;1:112-23.

  24. Schneider D, et al. Timing of postmenopausal estrogen for optimal bone mineral density. JAMA 1997;277:543-47.

  25. Greendale G, et al. Bone mass response to discontinuation of long-term hormone replacement therapy: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Safety Follow-up Study. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:665-72.

  26. Law M, et al. A metaanalysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: recognition of a major effect. Br Med J 1997;315:841-6.

  27. Colson F, et al. Hormonal replacement therapy: which duration is effective to reduce the incidente of fracture in postmenopausal women? Bone 1998;23:S496.

  28. Guyatt G, et al. Meta-analyses of osteoporosis therapies. Endocr Rev 2002;23:570-8.

  29. Bush T, et al. Effects of hormone therapy on bone mineral density: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI). JAMA 1996;276:1389-96.

  30. Hulley S, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS. JAMA 1998;280:605-13.

  31. Hulley S, et al. Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow up (HERS II).JAMA 2002;288:321-33.

  32. Gallagher J. Role of estrogens in the management of postmenopausal bone loss. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2001;27.

  33. The Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risk and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in health postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative, randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-33.

  34. Eastell R. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1998;338:736-46.

  35. Faryal S. Bone health and aging: implications for menopause. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2004;33:741-59.

  36. Prestwood K, et al. Low dose estrogen and calcium have an addictive effect on bone resorption in older women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84(1):179-83.

  37. Heller H, et al. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of two calcium supplements in postmenopausal women. J Clin Pharmacol 2000;40:1237-43.

  38. Dawson B, et al. Rates of bone loss in postmenopausal women randomly assigned to one of two dosages of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:1140-45.

  39. Gregg E, et al. Physical activity and osteoporotic fracture risk in older women. Ann Int Med 1998;129:81-88.

  40. Hosking D, et al. Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. N Engl J Med 1998;338:458-92.

  41. Tonino R, et al. Skeletal benefits of alendronate: 7 year treatment of postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Phase III osteoporosis treatment study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:3109-15.

  42. Harris S, et al. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral efficacy with risedronate therapy (VERT) study group. JAMA 1999;282:1344-52.

  43. Watts N, et al. Risedronate prevents new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women at high risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:542-9.

  44. Ettinger B, et al. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE). JAMA 1999;282:637-45.

  45. Chesnut C, et al. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon clacitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: The prevent recurrence of osteoporotic fractures study. Am J Med 2000;109:267-76.

  46. Crandall C, et al. Parathyroid hormone for treatment of osteoporosis. Arch Int Med 2002;162:2297-309.

  47. Body J, et al. A randomized double-blind trial to compare the efficacy of teriparatide (recombinant human parathyroid hormone 1-34) with alendronate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:4528-35.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com