Díaz EL, Rivera CJC, Rodríguez RC

Language: Spanish
References: 14
Page: 745-751
PDF size: 403.07 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Melanoma is a rare malignant tumor in children. It is the most frequent skin cancer in the pediatric population and the annual incidence has increased in the last years. A variety of prognostic factors have been described in children, but larger studies are needed to be able to establish these factors with more clarity. In some publications significative differences have been shown regarding to age, being malignant melanoma of worse prognosis in the post-pubescent population compared to the pre-pubescent. The clinical characteristics of pigmented lesions in children can also be examined with the ABCD rule. The most frequent histological types, just like adults, are the superficial extension melanoma and nodular types, appearing more frequently on thorax and extremities. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a specific diagnostic tool, sensitive and of prognostic value in patients with high risk regional melanoma defined by histological criteria. Surgery is the election treatment, but systemic treatment and radiotherapy play an important role depending on the clinical situation and stage of the tumor. Combined use of interferon and radiotherapy seems to be promising to increase overall survival and relapse free time. Patients have a risk of local, regional and distant recurrence according to the initial stage therefore is fundamental to maintain a long-term follow up.

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