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2016, Number 2

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Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2016; 15 (2)

Mouth breathing and its relationship to some oral and medical conditions: physiopathological mechanisms involved

García TBE, Hibatulla AA, Grau LIB

Language: English
References: 46
Page: 200-212
PDF size: 209.16 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Excessive mouth breathing may be related to different oral and medical conditions, but the underlying mechanisms for these complex interactions are not fully understood.
Objective: To explore the possible physiopathological mechanisms involved in the relationship between mouth breathing and some oral and medical conditions.
Material and Methods: A review of the literature was performed by using PubMed, Scielo and Hinari. Relevant and updated articles were selected.
Results: Mouth breathing has been linked to oral conditions such as dry mouth and lips, dental caries, periodontal disease, secondary halitosis, craniofacialdeformity and malocclusion, as well as abnormal swallowing. It is also related to medical conditions such as altered head, neck and body posture, obstructive sleep apnea, poor physical and learning performance,and asthma. Among the physiopathological mechanisms that may explain that relationship are chronic hypoxemia with hypercapnia, increased water and energy lose, decreased growth hormone release, inflammatory and oxidative mediators release, large load on the upper back and neck muscles, deformity in the airway passage and craniofacial deformities.
Conclusions: Physiopathological mechanisms underpinning the relationship between mouth breathing and oral and medical diseases vary from biochemical, physiological and immunological deficiencies to anatomical effects. More studies are needed to explore a causal relationship.


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