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ISSN 1729-519X (Impreso)

2016, Número 2

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Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2016; 15 (2)


Respiración bucal y su relación con algunas afecciones bucales y médicas: mecanismos fisiopatológicos involucrados

García TBE, Hibatulla AA, Grau LIB

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 46
Paginas: 200-212
Archivo PDF: 209.16 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La respiración bucal excesiva puede relacionarse con diferentes afecciones bucales y médicas, pero los mecanismos involucrados en tan complejas interacciones no son comprendidos totalmente.
Objetivo: Explorar los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos involucrados en la relación entre la respiración bucal y algunas afecciones bucales y médicas.
Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura a través de PubMed, Scielo y Hinari. Se seleccionaron artículos relevantes y actualizados sobre el tema.
Resultados: La respiración bucal se ha relacionado con afecciones bucales como: boca y labios secos, caries dental, enfermedad periodontal, halitosis secundaria, deformidad craneofacial y mal oclusión, así como deglución anormal. También se relaciona con afecciones médicas como: alteración de la postura corporal, de la cabeza y el cuello, apnea obstructiva del sueño, pobre desempeño físico y del aprendizaje y asma. Entre los mecanismos fisiopatológicos involucrados en esa relación están: hipoxemia crónica con hipercapnia, incremento de la pérdida de agua y energía, disminución de la liberación de hormona del crecimiento, liberación de mediadores inflamatorios y oxidativos, sobrecarga en la espalda alta y músculos del cuello, deformidad en la vía aérea y deformidades craneofaciales.
Conclusiones: Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos involucrados en la relación entre la respiración bucal y algunas afecciones bucales y médicas incluyen deficiencias bioquímicas, fisiológicas, e inmunológicas, así como efectos anatómicos.Se requiere realizar más estudios para explorar una relación causal.


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