medigraphic.com
Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2015, Number 11

<< Back Next >>

Ginecol Obstet Mex 2015; 83 (11)

Myths and realities of the long-term reversible contraceptives

Neyro JL, Cristóbal I, Celis-González C, Gómez M, Elorriaga MÁ, Lira-Plascencia J

Language: Spanish
References: 76
Page: 707-721
PDF size: 466.61 Kb.


Text Extraction

Background: For a woman uses contraception acceptance not only required but also the possibility of minimal or no side effects, comfort and tranquility of their safety. There are women who find it inconvenient not taking the pill daily, but for many other yes, what follows that notwithstanding their safety, do not suit the need of women. IUDs have reached high fees clinical efficacy and safety for use in any group of women, including gilts.
Methodology: A search for original articles and systematic reviews published in the last ten years in the PubMed database, specifically study reversible long-term hormonal contraception was made. They were included in the various search engines, the words: Long-Acting Reversible Contraception, intrauterine contraceptive method, contraceptive implants and intrauterine, myths About IUDs, and others. We selected the highest level of evidence and documents were analyzed and 76 of these myths and realities were located around the long-term contraception.
Conclusions: There are too many myths accepted as paradigms and perceptions about IUDs, especially about its indication to nulliparous women, who do not stand by the scientific evidence. The clinical efficacy of intrauterine contraception in nulliparous women is equal in multiparous; though probably more painful insertion in the former, but not harder.


REFERENCES

  1. Lucas S. Unprotected Nation. The Financial and Economic Impacts of Restricted Contraceptive and Sexual Health Services. A Report by Development Economics January 2013. Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare (UK). Brook and FPA retained complete editorial control.

  2. Long-Acting Reversible Contraception in the Context of Full Access, Full Choice 2013 Statement from the Bellagio Group on LARCs. Disponible en http://www.popcouncil. org/uploads/pdfs/2013RH_BellagioConsensus.pdf Último acceso 24.05.14

  3. Black KI, Lotke P, Lira J, et al. Global survey of healthcare practitioners’ beliefs and practices around intrauterine contraceptive method use in nulliparous women. Contraception 2013;68:650-6.

  4. Moreau C, Trussell J, Rodriguez G, et al. Contraceptive failure rates in France: Results from a population-based survey. Hum Reprod 2007;22:2422-27.

  5. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee on Gynecologic Practice; Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Working Group. ACOG Committee Opinion no. 450: Increasing use of contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices to reduce unintended pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2009;114:1434-8.

  6. Wulf D, Donovan P. Women and societies benefit when childbearing is planned. Issues Brief (Alan Guttmacher Inst) 2002;3:1-4.

  7. Institute of Medicine. Initial national priorities for comparative effectiveness Research Priorities. En http://www. iom.edu/Reports/2009/ComparativeEffectivenessResearchPriorities. aspx. Último acceso 24.05.14.

  8. United Nations World contraceptive use, 2011. En: http:// www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2011/ contraceptive2011.htm Último acceso 24.05.14.

  9. Tolani AT, Yen S. Many websites fail to dispel myths about IUDs, emergency contraception, birth control and proper timing of pap smears. J Adolescent Health 2009;44:S24-S25.

  10. Whitaker AK, Johnson LM, Harwood B, et al. Adolescent and young adult women’s knowledge of and attitudes toward the intrauterine device. Contraception 2008;78:211e7.

  11. Hatcher R, Trussell J, Nelson A, et al. Contraceptive technology. 20th ed. New York: Ardent Media, 2011

  12. Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR, Armstrong EG, et al. Urinary human gonadotropin among intrauterine device users: Detection with a highly specific and sensitive assay. Fertil Steril 1987;47:265-9.

  13. Alvarez F, Brache V, Fernandez E, et al. New insights on the mode of action of intrauterine contraceptive devices in women. Fertil Steril 1988; 49:768-73.

  14. Ebi KL, Piziali RL, Rosernberg M, et al. Evidence against tail strings increasing the rate of pelvic inflammatory disease among IUD users. Contraception 1996;53:25-32.

  15. Lee NC, Rubin GL, Ory HW, et al. Type of intrauterine device and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol 1983;62:1-6.

  16. Farley TM, Rosenberg MJ, Rowe PJ, et al. Intrauterine devices and pelvic inflammatory disease: An international perspective. Lancet 1992;339:785-8.

  17. Walsh T, Grimes D, Frezieres R, et al. Randomized controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics before insertion of intrauterine devices. IUD Study Group. Lancet 1998; 351(9108):1005-8.

  18. Walsh TL, Bernstein GS, Grimes DA, et al. Effect of prophylactic antibiotics on morbidity associated with IUD insertion: results of a pilot randomized controlled trial. IUD Study Group. Contraception 1994;50:319-27.

  19. Goodman S, Hendlish SK, Benedict C, et al. Increasing intrauterine contraception use by reducing barriers to post-abortal and interval insertion. Contraception 2008;78:136-42.

  20. Allen RH et al. Expanding access to intrauterine contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;201:456.e1-e5.

  21. ACOG Practice bulletin No 121: Long acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol 2011;118:184-96.

  22. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 392. Intrauterine device and adolescents. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:1493-5.

  23. Prager S, Damey P. The LNG intrauterine system in nulliparous women. Contraception 2007:75;S12-S15.

  24. Toivonen J, Luukkainen T, Allonen H. Protective effect of intrauterine release of levonorgestrel on pelvic infection: Three years’ comparative experience of levonorgestreland copper-releasing intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol 1991;77:261-4

  25. Lyus R, Lohr P, Preger S. Use of the Mirena LNG-IUS and Paragard CuT380A intrauterine devices in nulliparous women. Contraception 2009;81:367-71.

  26. Castellsagué X, Diaz M, Vaccarella S, et al. Intrauterine device use, cervical infection with human papillomavirus, and risk of cervical cancer: A pooled analysis of 26 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol 2011;12:1023-31.

  27. Soper DE. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet 2010;116:419-28.

  28. Hov GG, Skjeldestad FE, Hilstad T. Use of IUD and subsequent fertility- Follow-up after participation in a randomized clinical trial. Contraception 2007;75:88-92.

  29. Hubacher D, Lara-Ricalde R, Taylor DJ, et al. Use of copper intrauterine devices and the risk of tubal infertility among nulligravid women. New Engl J Med 2001;345:561-7.

  30. Hassan MAM, Killick SR. Is previous use of hormonal contraception associated with a detrimental effect on subsequent fecundity? Human Reprod 2004;19:344-51.

  31. Mansour D, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Inki P, et al. Fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a comprehensive review of the literature Contraception 2011; 84:465-77.

  32. Gnoth C, Godehardt D, Godehardt E, et al. Time to pregnancy: results of the German prospective study and impact on the management of infertility. Hum Reprod 2003;18:1959-66

  33. Barnhart KT, Schreiber CA. Return to fertility following discontinuation of oral contraceptives. Fertil Steril 2009;91:659-63.

  34. Carolyn Westhoff. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate injection (Depo-Provera): a highly effective contraceptive option with proven long-term safety. Contraception 2003;68:75-87.

  35. Skjeldestad, Finn E. The impact of intrauterine devices on subsequent fertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2008;20:275-80.

  36. Sivin I. Dose- and age-dependent ectopic pregnancy risks with intrauterine contraception. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:291-8.

  37. Trussell J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception 2011;83:397-404.

  38. Graesslin O, Korver T. The contraceptive efficacy of Implanon: A review of clinical trials and marketing experience. Eur J Contracep Repr 2008;13(Suppl 1):4-12.

  39. Irving S, El Mahgoub S, McCarthy T, et al. Long term contraception with the Levonorgestrel 20 mcg/day (LNg 20) and the Copper T 380 Ag intrauterine devices: a five year randomised study. Contraception 1990;42:361-78.

  40. Dayal M, Barnhart KT. Noncontraceptive benefits and therapeutic uses of the oral contraceptive pill. Semin Reprod Med 2001;19:295-303.

  41. World Health Organization. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. 4th ed. Ginebra: WHO 2010. En: http:// whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241563888_ eng.pdf?ua=1 Último acceso 24.05.14.

  42. Middleton AJ, Naish J, Singer N. General Practitioners’ views on the use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in young, nulligravid women, in London, UK. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2011;16:311-8.

  43. Suhonen S, Haukkamaa M, Jakobsson T, et al. Clinical performance of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and oral contraceptives in young nulliparous women: a comparative study. Contraception 2004;69:407-12.

  44. Marions L, Lövkist L, Taube A, et al. Use of the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in nulliparous women –a non-interventional study in Sweden. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2011;16:126-34.

  45. Hubacher D, Reyes V, Lillo S, et al. Pain from copper intrauterine device insertion: Randomized trial of prophylactic ibuprofen. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006;195:1272-7.

  46. Brockmeyer A, Kishen M, Webb A. Experience of IUD/ IUS insertions and clinical performance in nulliparous women -a pilot study. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2008;13:248-54.

  47. Murty J. Use and effectiveness of oral analgesia when fitting an intrauterine device. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2003;29:150-1.

  48. Newton JR, Reading AE. The effects of psychological preparation on pain at intrauterine device insertion. Contraception 1977;16:523-32.

  49. Gemzell-Danielsson K, Mansour D, Fiala C. Management of pain associated with the insertion of intrauterine contraceptives. Hum Reprod Update 2013;19:419-27.

  50. Teal SB, Sheeder J. IUD use in adolescent mothers: Retention, failure and reasons for discontinuation. Contraception 2012;85:270-4.

  51. Gemzell-Danielsson K, Schellschmidt I, Apter D. A randomized, phase II study describing the efficacy, bleeding profile, and safety of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive systems and Mirena. Fertil Steril 2012;97:616-22.

  52. Nelson A, Apter D, Hauck B, et al. A global randomized phase III Pearl Index study comparing the efficacy and safety of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems (LNG-IUSS) in nulliparous and parous women. Fertil Steril 2012;98:S5.

  53. Nelson A, Apter D, Hauck B, et al. Two Low-Dose Levonorgestrel Intrauterine Contraceptive Systems. A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol 2013;0:1-9.

  54. Hubacher D, Chen PL, Park S. Side effects from the copper IUD: Do they decrease over time? Contraception 2009;79:356-62.

  55. Suhonen S, Haukkamaa M, Jakobsson T, et al. Clinical performance of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and oral contraceptives in young nulliparous women: A comparative study. Contraception 2004;69:407-12.

  56. Van Houdenhoven K. Uterine perforation in women using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Contraception 2006;73:257-60.

  57. Kaunitz AM, Grimes DA. Removing the black box warning for depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Contraception 2011;84:212-3.

  58. Tolaymat LL, Kaunitz AM. Use of hormonal contraception in adolescents: Skeletal health issues. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009;21:396-401.

  59. Beerthuizen R, van Beek A, Massai R, et al. Bone mineral density during long-term use of the progestogen contraceptive implant Implanon compared to a non-hormonal method of contraception. Hum Reprod 2000;15:118-22.

  60. Bahamondes L, Espejo-Arce X, Hidalgo MM, et al. A crosssectional study of the forearm bone density of long-term users of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1316-9.

  61. Bahamondes MV, Monteiro I, Castro S, et al. Prospective study of the forearm bone mineral density of long-term users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Hum Reprod 2010;25:1158-64.

  62. Hubacher D, Grimes DA. Noncontraceptive health benefits of intrauterine devices: A systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2002;57:120-8.

  63. Soini T, Hurskainen R, Grénman S, et al. Cancer risk in women using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in Finland. Obstet Gynecol 2014;124:292-9.

  64. Trinh XB, Tjalma WA, Makar AP, et al. Use of the levonorgestrel- releasing intrauterine system in breast cancer patients. Fertility & Sterility 2008;90:17-22.

  65. Dinger J, Bardenheuer K, Minh T. Levonorgestrel-releasing and copper intrauterine devices and the risk of breast cancer. Contraception 2011;83:211-7.

  66. Teal S, Romer E. Awareness of long acting reversible contraception among teens and young adults. J Adolescent Health 2013;52:S35-S39.

  67. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee Opinion No. 539. Adolescents and long-acting reversible contraception: implants and intrauterine devices. Obstet Gynecol 2012;120:983-8.

  68. Deans EI, Grimes DA. Intrauterine devices for adolescents: a systematic review. Contraception 2009;79:418-23.

  69. Mohllajee AP, Curtis KM, Peterson HB. Does insertion and use of an intrauterine device increase the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease among women with sexually transmitted infection? A systematic review. Contraception 2006;73:145-53.

  70. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2010. Atlanta (GA): CDC; 2011. En: http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/STDTreatment- 2010-RR5912.pdf Último acceso el 07.08.15

  71. Hov GG, Skjeldestad FE, Hilstad T. Use of IUD and subsequent fertility -follow-up after participation in a randomized clinical trial. Contraception 2007;75:88-92.

  72. Veldhuis H. Complications of the intrauterine device in nulliparous and parous women. Eur Gen Pract 2004;10:82-7.

  73. Darney P, Patel A, Rosen K, et al. Safety and efficacy of a single-rod etonogestrel implant (Implanon): results from 11 international clinical trials. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:1646-53.

  74. Bonny AE, Ziegler J, Harvey R, et al. Weight gain in obese and non obese adolescent girls initiating depot medroxyprogesterone, oral contraceptive pills, or no hormonal contraceptive method. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006;160:40-5.

  75. Neyro JL, Elorriaga MA, Cristóbal I, et al. Comentario del experto en anticoncepción. Barcelona: Ediciones Médicas. www.euromedice.net ISBN: 978-84-16269-04-4. Febrero, 2015.

  76. Cristobal I, Neyro JL, Lete I. The new LNG-releasing IUS: a new opportunity to reduce the burden of unintended pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015;190:58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2015.04.016. Epub 2015 May 5.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com