Soria HMA, Molina FN, Pérez LI, Gutiérrez CP, Teja ÁE

Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 190-195
PDF size: 65.99 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The mutagenic and genotoxic effects of formocresol, cresol, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were studied comparatively. In pediatric stomatology one of the most frequent treatment is pulpotomy with formocresol; because of its mutagenic and genotoxic properties other medications have been proposed as an alternative.
Objective. To demonstrate the adverse effect of formocresol and to compare its genotoxicity with glutaraldehyde and its components.
Method. Evaluation was done with two short-term assays Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, with and without metabolic activation and micronuclei frequency in peripheral blood of mice. Mutagenic activity was determined by the Salanal program; statistic Anova and Bonferroni tests were used to determine micronuclei frequency and its average.
Results. Formocresol and formaldehyde gave positive results in 75% with Ames test; cresol was negative and glutaraldehyde positive in 25%. Formocresol and cresol were negative in micronuclei test; formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were positive.

REFERENCES

1. Natarajan AT, Darroudi F, Bussman CJ, van Kesteren-van Leeuwen AC. Evaluation of the mutagenicity of formaldehyde in mammalian cytogenetic assay in vivo and vitro. Mutat Res 1983;122:355-60.

2. Takahashi K, Morita T, Kawazoe Y. Mutagenic characteristics of formaldehyde on bacterial systems. Mutat Res 1985;156:153-61.

3. Te-Hsiu M, Harris MM. Review of the genotoxicity of formaldehyde. Mut Res 1988;196:37-59.

4. Feron VJ, Til HP, Vrijer F, Woutersen RA, Casse FR, van Bladeren PJ. Aldehydes: occurrence, carcinogenic potential, mechanism of action and risk assessment. Mutat Res 1991;259:363-85.

5. O´Donovan MR, Mee CD. Formaldehyde is a bacterial mutagen in a range of Salmonella and Escherichia indicator strains. Mutagenesis 1993;8(6):577-81.

6. Lewis B. Formaldehyde in dentistry: a review for the millennium. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1998;22(2):167-77.

7. Pfuhler S, Wolf HU. Effects of the formaldehyde releasing preservatives dimethylol urea and diazolidinyl urea in several short-term genotoxicity tests. Mutat Res 2002; 514 (1-2): 133-46.

8. Cheng M, Kligerman A,D. Evaluation of the genotoxicity of cresols using sister-chromatid exchange (SCE). Mutat Res 1984;137:51-5.

9. Hamaguchi F, Tsutsui T. Assessment of genotoxicity of dental antiseptics: ability of phenol, guaiacol, p-phenolsulfonic acid, sodium hypochlorite, p-chlorophenol, m- cresol or formaldehyde to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis in cultured Syrian hamster embryo cells. Jpn J Pharmacol 2000;83:273-6.

10. Galloway SM, Deasy DA, Bean CL, Kraynak AR. Effects of high strength on chromosome aberrations, sister- chromatid exchanges and DNA strand breaks, and the relation to toxicity. Mutat Res 1987;189(1):15-25.

11. Doolitle DJ, Lee DA, Lee CK. The genotoxic activity of glycerol in an in vitro test battery. Food Chem Toxicol 1988;26(7):631-5.

12. Rusmah M. Pulpal tissue reaction to buffered glutaraldehyde. The J of Clin Pediatr Dent.1992;16 (2):101-6.

13. Davis MJ, Myers R, Switkes MD. Glutaraldehyde : an alternative to formocresol for vital pulp therapy. ASDC J Dent Child 1982;176-80.

14. Slesinski RS, Hengler WC, Guzzie PJ, Wagner KJ. Mutagenicity evaluation of glutaraldehyde in a battery of in vitro bacterial and mammalian test systems. Food Chem Toxicol 1983;21(5):621-9

15. Sakagami Y, Yamazaki H, Ogasawara N, Yokoyama H, Ose Y, Sato T. The evaluation of genotoxic activities of disinfectants and their metabolites by umu test. Mutat Res 1988;209 (3-4):155-60.

16. St Clair MB, Bermúdez E, Gross EA, Butterworth BE, Recio L. Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of glutaraldehyde. Environ and Mol Mutagen 1991;18:113-9.

17. NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Glutaraldehyde (CAS No.111-30-8) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 1999;490:1-234.

18. Vergnes JS, Ballantyne B. Genetic toxicology studies with glutaraldehyde. J Appl Toxicol. 2002;22(1):45-60.

19. Maron DM, Ames BN. Revised methods for the Salmonella mutagenicity test. Mutat Res 1983;113:173-215.

20. Schlegel R, MacGregor JT. The persistence of micronuclei in peripheral blood erythocytes: detection of chronic chromosome breakage in mice. Mutat Res 1982:104;367-9.

21. Zarzar PA, Rosenblatt A, Takahashi CS, Takeuchi PL, Costa Júnior LA. Formocresol mutagenicity following primary tooth pulp therapy: an in vivo study. J of Dentistry 2003;31:479-85.

22. Araki RD, Alencar MM, Fávero SD. Lack of formocresol, paramonochlorophenol, and calcium hydroxide on mammalian cells by comet assay. J of Endodontics 2004;30(8):593-6.