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ISSN 2007-6452 (Print)

2015, Number 2

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Investigación en Discapacidad 2015; 4 (2)

Telomere maintenance and bone tumors

Hidalgo BA, Valdés FM

Language: Spanish
References: 44
Page: 78-85
PDF size: 156.35 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Telomeres are DNA and protein complexes located at the end of linear chromosomes; they help to maintain genomic stability. Under normal conditions, in somatic cells, telomeres shorten after each cell division. When telomeres reach a certain length, the cell enters a phase called «senescence». However, some cells escape senescence; telomeres from those cells continue getting shorter until they reach a length at which the cell enters a phase called «crisis». At this point, genomic instability occurs and can lead to cell death. Some cells successfully activate a mechanism to restore telomere length and continue proliferating. The activation of a telomere maintenance mechanism is a key feature of neoplastic cells. There are two known telomere maintenance mechanisms: one is the reactivation of the enzyme telomerase, which is used in 85% of human cancers, and the second is the activation of an alternative lengthening of telomeres pathway (ALT), which is present in 15% of malignant tumors. The telomere maintenance mechanism present in a tumor could be useful as prognostic or treatment indicator. And in the future, it could be a target for antineoplastic therapies.


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