medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3325 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2015, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Salud Mental 2015; 38 (3)

Estilos de afrontamiento a la “obsesión mental por beber” (craving) en bebedores en proceso de recuperación

Gutiérrez RRA, Medina-Mora IME, Jiménez TA, Casanova RL, Natera RG

Language: Spanish
References: 33
Page: 177-183
PDF size: 568.28 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background Although craving is a controversial concept in alcoholism research, it is known that if an alcoholic can talk about the event using his own words, the probability of successful coping and prevention of relapse is bigger. However, little is known about such coping, and even less when it is articulated from the drinker’s perspective.
Objective To identify the coping mechanism to this event that causes physical and emotional responses similar to those of craving, identified with the own language of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
Method The sample consisted of 192 individuals who participated in AA meetings for an average of ten years (SD=7.5). An empirical instrument was developed to measure coping (Kr=.86) and a two-phase conglomerate analysis was used to create categories to develop profiles.
Results The analysis showed five coping profiles suggesting that AA members cope with the event as follow: 1. evading but looking for a direct solution (elusive-active conglomerate), 2. evading but retracting (elusive-liabilities conglomerate), 3. getting upset and doing nothing (emotional-passive conglomerate), 4. remembering and comparing their past life (revalorative conglomerate), and 5. denying (denier conglomerate).
Discussion and conclusion Although the data are preliminary, they offer the opportunity to expand and specify how certain alcoholics solve a complex problem, such as craving. The information concurs with literature in the sense that this grouping of responses assumed those efforts that may be effective or not for the recovery process, for example, to prevent relapses in alcoholics who attend AA groups, so it raises an important research perspective.


REFERENCES

  1. Marlatt AG, Gordon JR. Relapse prevention: Maintenance strategies in the treatment of addictive behaviours. New York: Guilford press; 1985.

  2. Litman GK, Stapleton J, Oppenheim AN, Peleg M et al. The relationship between coping behaviours, their effectiveness and alcoholism relapse and survival. Brit J Addict 1984;79:283-291.

  3. Miller WR, Westerberg VS, Harris RJ, Tonigan JS. What predicts relapse? Prospective testing of antecedent models. Addiction 1996;91(Suppl 1):S155-S171.

  4. NIAAA. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol Alert 2001;54:1-4.

  5. Verheul R, Van Der Brink W, Geerlings P. A three-pathway psychobiological model of craving for alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 1999;34:197-222.

  6. Modell JC, Glaser FB, Cyr L, Mountz JM. “Obsessive and compulsive characteristics of craving for alcohol abuse and dependence”, Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1992;16:272-274.

  7. Anton RF. “Obsessive-compulsive aspects of craving: Development of the obsessive compulsive drinking scale”. Addiction 2000;95(Suppl 2):S211-S217.

  8. Kozlowski LT, Wilkinson A. Use and misuse of the concept of craving by alcohol, tobacco, and drug researchers. Brit J Addict 1987;82:31–36.

  9. Tiffany ST, Carter BL, Singleton EG. Challenges in the manipulation, assessment and interpretation of craving relevant variables. Addiction 2000;95(Suppl 2):S177–S187.

  10. Drummond DC, Litten RZ, Lowman C, Hunt WA. Craving research: future directions. Addiction 2000;95(Suppl 2):S247-S255.

  11. Potgieter AS, Deckers F, Geerlings P. Craving and relapse measurement in alcoholism. Alcohol Alcohol 1999;34:254–260.

  12. Rohsenow DJ, Monti PM. Does urge to drink predict relapse after treatment? Alcohol Res Health 1999;23:225-232.

  13. Litt MD, Cooney NL, Morse P. Reactivity to alcohol-related stimuli in the laboratory and in the field: predictors of craving in treated alcoholics. Addiction 2000;95:889-900.

  14. Jellinek EM. The disease of alcoholism. Highland Park; NJ: Hillhouse Press; 1960.

  15. Kelly JF, Magill M, Stout RL. How do people recover from alcohol dependence? A systematic review of the research on mechanisms of behavior change in Alcoholics Anonymous. Addict Res Theory 2009;17:236–259.

  16. Laffaye C, McKellar JD, Ilgen MA, Moss RH. Predictors of 4-years outcome of community residential treatment for patients with substance use disorders. Addiction 2008;103:671-680.

  17. Moss R. Active ingredients of substance use-focused self-help groups. Addiction 2007;103:387–396.

  18. Zemore SE, Kaskutas LA, Ammon LN. In 12-step groups, helping helps the helper. Addiction 2004;99:1015–1023.

  19. Neff JA, MacMaster SA. Applying behavior change models to understand spiritual mechanisms underlying change in substance abuse treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2005;31:669–684.

  20. Gutiérrez R. La recaída en el consumo de alcohol: el caso de Alcohólicos Anónimos (AA). Tesis para obtener el grado de doctorado en Psicología Social y Ambiental. Programa de Maestría y Doctorado. México: UNAM; 2008.

  21. Rosovsky H, Leyva G. Movimiento de Alcohólicos Anónimos en México. México: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría; 1990.

  22. Kline P. The hanbook of pychological testing. Londres: Routldge; 1993.

  23. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Evaluación, afrontamiento y consecuencias adaptativa. En: Estrés y procesos cognitivos. Cap. 7; Barcelona: Martínez Roca; 1986; pp.203-244.

  24. Rodríguez-Marín J. Estrés psicosocial y su afrontamiento. En: Psicología social de la salud. Cap. 3; Madrid: Editorial Síntesis; 1995; pp.53-72.

  25. Niaura R. Cognitive social learning and related perspectives on drug craving. Addiction 2000;(Suppl 2):S155-S163.

  26. Moser AE, Annis HM. The role of coping in relapse crisis outcome: a prospective study of treated alcoholics. Addiction 1996;91:1101-1113.

  27. Rohosenow DJ, Monti PM, Rubonis AV, Gulliver SB et al. Cue exposure with coping skills training and communication skill training for alcohol dependence: 6 and 12 month outcomes. Addiction 2001;96:1161-1174.

  28. Monti PM, Rohsenow DJ, Rubonis A, Niaura R et al. Cue exposure with coping skills treatment for male alcoholics: a preliminary investigation. J Consul Clin Psychol 1993;61:1011–1019.

  29. Litt MD, Kadden RM, Kabela-Cormier E. Individualized assessment and treatment program for alcohol dependence: results of an initial study to train coping skills. Addiction 2009;104:1837-1848.

  30. Felton BJ, Reverson TA, Hinrichsen GA. Stress and coping in the explanation of psychological adjustment among chronically ill adults. Soc Sci Med 1984;18:889-898.

  31. Wilson JF. Behavioral preparation for surgery: benefit or harm? J Behav Med 1981;4:79-102.

  32. Oei T. Coping and alcohol use and abuse disorder. Addict Res Theory 2005;13:407–409.

  33. Abrams DB. Transdisciplinary concepts and measures of craving: Commentary and future directions. Addictions 2000;95(Suppl 2):S237-S246.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com