medigraphic.com
Órgano Oficial de la Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología

2012, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Ann Hepatol 2012; 11 (3)

Association between butyrylcholinesterase activity and low-grade systemic inflammation

Lampón N, Hermida-Cadahia EF, Riveiro A, Tutor JC

Language: English
References: 42
Page: 356-363
PDF size: 137.96 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background. Pro-inflammatory cytokine production is directly inhibited by acetylcholine (ACh), and a relationship between total circulating ACh hydrolytic capacity and inflammatory reactions has been previously reported. Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is the major ACh hydrolyzing enzyme in plasma, and the aim of our study was to evaluate its association with low-grade systemic inflammation. Material and methods. A total of 4,077 patients clinically managed in the Cardiology, Hypertension, and Digestive Medicine Units were included in our study. Three subclinical chronic inflammatory degrees were established in accordance with the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations proposed, for low (‹ 1 mg/L), average (1-3 mg/L), and high (› 3-10 mg/L) cardiovascular disease risk estimation. Results. In male patients with subclinical chronic inflammation and hsCRP concentrations ‹ 1 mg/L, a significant positive correlation was observed between BChE and hsCRP (p ‹ 0.02); however, for hsCRP concentrations › 3 mg/L, the correlation between these variables in both sexes becomes significantly negative (p ‹ 0.001), as in patients with acute inflammation (hsCRP › 10 mg/L). In all cases significant positive correlations were obtained between the BChE activities and albumin concentrations (p ‹ 0.001). Conclusions. The liver production of BChE and albumin occurs in a coupled fashion, and these biochemical variables may be considered as negative inflammatory reactants, whose serum levels are inversely associated with the increasing degree of subclinical inflammation.


REFERENCES

  1. Patocka J, Kuca K, Jun D. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. Important enzymes of human body. Acta Med (Hradec Králové) 2004; 47: 215-28.

  2. Nemesánszky E. Enzyme tests in hepatobiliary disease. In: Moss DW, Rosalki SB (eds.). Enzyme Tests in Diagnosis. London: Arnold; 1996: 25-59.

  3. Henderson AR, Moss DW. Enzymes. In: Burtis CA, Ashwood ER (eds.). Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. 5th. Ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 2001, p. 352-89.

  4. Rosas-Ballina M, Tracey KJ. Cholinergic control of inflammation. J Intern Med 2009; 265: 663-79.

  5. Das UN. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as possible markers of low-grade systemic inflammation. Med Sci Monit 2007; 13: RA214-RA221.

  6. Rao AA, Sridhar GR, Das UN. Elevated butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase may predict the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. Med Hypotheses 2007; 69: 1272-6.

  7. Rao AA, Reddy CS, Sridhar GR, Annapurna A, Hanuman T, Pramela M, et al. Enhanced butyrylcholinesterase activity may be the common link triggering low-grade systemic inflammation and decrease in cognitive function in diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s disease. Current Nutr Food Sci 2008; 4: 213-6.

  8. Darvesh S, LeBlanc AM, Macdonald IR, Reid GA, Bhan V, Macaulay RJ, Fisk JD. Butyrylcholinesterase activity in multiple sclerosis neuropathology. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 187: 425-31.

  9. D’Amore PJ. Evolution of C-reactive protein as a cardiac risk factor. Labmedicine 2005; 36: 234-8.

  10. Festa A, D’Agostino R, Howard G, Mykkänen L, Tracy RP, Haffner SM. Chronic subclinical inflammation as part of the insulin resistance syndrome. Circulation 2000; 102: 42-7.

  11. Ridker PM. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 2003; 107; 363-9.

  12. Sridhar GR, Rao AA, Srinavas K, Nirmala G, Lakshmi G, Suryanarayna D, et al. Butyrylcholinesterase in metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2010; 75: 648-54.

  13. Randell EW, Mathews MS, Zhang H, Seraj JS, Sun G. Relationship between butyrylcholinesterase and the metabolic syndrome. Clin Biochem 2005; 38: 799-805.

  14. Stojanov M, Stefanovic A, Dzingalasevic G, Mandic-Radic S, Prostran M. Butyrylcholinesterase activity in young and women: Association with cardiovascular risk factors. Clin Biochem 2011; 44: 623-6.

  15. Nazarov PG, Krylova IB, Evdokimova NR, Nezhinskaya GI, Butyugov AA. C-reactive protein: a pentraxin with antiacethylcholine activity. Life Sci 2007; 80: 2337-41.

  16. Wai CT, Greenson JK, Fontana RJ, Kalbfleisch JD, Marrero JA, Conjeevaram HS, et al. A simple noninvasive index can predict fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 2003; 38: 518-26.

  17. Fabris C, Smirne C, Toniutto P, Coletta C, Rapetti R, Minisini T, et al. Assessment of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and normal alanine aminotransferase values. Clin Biochem 2006; 39: 339-43.

  18. AHA/CDC scientific statement on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 2003; 107: 499-511.

  19. Kariyone K, Shimatani Y, Kurihara T, Nagao T, Fujita Y, Uesegui M. Establishing indicators for diagnosis of cholinergic crisis [article in Japanese]. Rinsho Byori 2010; 58: 972-78.

  20. Pugin J, Meisner M, Léon A, Gendrel D, Fernández-López A. Guide for the Clinical Use of Procalcitonin. 10th. Ed. Hennigsdorf: Thermo Fisher Scientific; 2011.

  21. Li B, Sedlacek M, Manohoran I, Boopathy R, Duysen EG, Masson P, et al. Butyrylcoholinesterase, paraoxonase, and albumin esterase, but not carboxylesterase, are present in plasma. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70: 1673-84.

  22. Stojanov MD, Jovicic DM, Djuric SP, Konjevic MM, Todorovic ZM, Prostran MS. Butyrylcholinesterase activity and mortality risk in hemodialysis patients: Comparison to hs- CRP and albumin. Clin Biochem 2009; 42: 22-6.

  23. Calderon-Margalit R, Adler B, Abramson JH, Gofin J, Kark JD. Butyrylcholinesterase activity, cardiovascular risk factors, and mortality in middle-aged and elderly men and women in Jerusalem. Clin Chem 2006; 52: 845-52.

  24. Jung K. Enzyme tests in renal and urinary disease. In: Doss DW, Rosalki SB, (eds.). Enzyme Tests in Diagnosis. London: Arnold; 1996, p. 215-60.

  25. Ofek K, Krabbe KS. Evron T, Debbecco M, Nielsen AR, Brunnsgaad H, et al. Cholinergic status modulations in human volunteers under acute inflammation. J Mol Med 2007; 85: 1239-51.

  26. Ben Assayag E, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Ofek K, Soreq L, Bova I, Shopin L, et al. Serum cholinesterase activities distinguish between stroke patients and controls and predict 12-month mortality. Mol Med 2010; 16: 278-86.

  27. Turecky TL, Kupcova V, Mojto V, Smuttny M, Uhlikova E, Vozar I. Serum cholinesterase activity and proteosynthetic function of liver in patients with diabetes mellitus. Bratisl Lek Listy 2005; 106: 266-9.

  28. Valle A, O’Connor DT, Taylor P, Zhu G, Montgomery GW, Slagboom PE, et al. Butyrylcholinesterase: association with the metabolic syndrome and identification of 2 gene loci affecting activity. Clin Chem 2006; 52: 1014-20.

  29. Das UN. Vagus nerve stimulation as a strategy to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76: 429-33.

  30. Hubbard RE, O’Mahony MS, Carver BL, Woodhouse KW. Plasma esterases and inflammation in ageing and frailty. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 64: 895-900.

  31. Nomura F, Ohnishi K, Koen H, Hiyama Y, Nakayama T, Itoh Y, et al. Serum cholinesterase in patients with fatty liver. J Clin Gastroenterol 1986; 8: 599-602.

  32. Iwasaki T, Yoneda M, Nakajima A, Terauchi Y. Serum butyrylcholinesterase is strongly associated with adiposity, the serum lipid profile and insulin resistance. Intern Med 2007; 46: 1633-39.

  33. Kawasaki S, Hasegawa O, Satoh S, Numata K, Terauchi Y. Sonographic assessment of fatty liver using the measure ment of para-and perirenal fat thickness. J Clin Ultrasound 2010; 38: 470-4.

  34. Kawamoto R, Tabara Y, Kohara K, Miki T, Kusunoki T, Takayama S, et al. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are synergistically associated with metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling persons. Cardivasc Diabetol 2010; 9: 87.

  35. Lee YJ, Kim JK, Lee JH, Lee HR, Kang DR, Shim JY. Association of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase with C-recative protein levels and white blood cell count in Korean adults. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46: 1410-5.

  36. Mason JE, Starke RD, Van Kirk JE. Gamma-glutamyl transferase: a novel cardiovascular risk biomarker. Prev Cardiol 2010; 13: 36-41.

  37. Nistry D, Stockley RA. Gamma-glutamyltransferase: The silent partner? J Chronic Obstruct Pulmonar Dis 2010; 7: 285-90.

  38. Cheung BMY, Ong KL, Cheung RV, Wong LYF, Wat NMS, Tam S et al. Association between plasma alkaline phosphatase and C-reactive protein in Hong Kong Chinese. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46: 523-27.

  39. Webber M, Krishman A, Thomas NG, Cheung BMY. Association between serum alkaline phosphatise and C-reactive protein in the United Staes National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010; 48: 167-73.

  40. Morgan ET. Regulation of cytochrome P450 during inflammation and infection. Drug Metab Rev 1997; 29: 1129-88.

  41. Lampón N, Tutor JC. A preliminary investigation on the possible association between diminished copper availability and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in epileptic patients treated with valproic acid. Upsala J Med Sci 2011; 116: 148-54.

  42. LoPinto-Khoury C, Mintzer S. Antiepileptic drugs and markers of vascular risk. Current Treat Option Neurol 2010; 12: 300-8




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com