2015, Number 1
<< Back Next >>
Med Sur 2015; 22 (1)
The U wave in the electrocardiogram. More than an academic curiosity
Carrillo-Esper R, Carrillo-Córdova LD, Carrillo-Córdova DM, Carrillo-Córdova CA
Language: English
References: 15
Page: 27-29
PDF size: 218.54 Kb.
ABSTRACT
The electrocardiographic U wave was describe by Einthoven in
1903. Despite the time elapsed since its description the electrophysiological
basis underlying the genesis of the U wave has not been
precisely elucidated and several hypothesis have been proposed.
Proper evaluation and interpretation of the U wave is useful to the
clinician because it is a marker of heart disease. The aim of this
paper is to review current concepts related to U wave, its genesis,
significance and proper interpretation.
REFERENCES
Einthoven W. Die galvanometrische registrierung des menschlichen electrokardiogram. Pfugers Arch 1903; 99: 472-8.
Einthoven W. The different forms of the human electrocardiogram and their signification. Lancet 1912; 1: 853-61.
Reining MG, Harizi R, Spodick DH. Electrocardiographic T-and U-wave discordance. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2005; 10: 41-6.
Bernardo DD, Murray A. Origin on the electrocardiogram of Uwaves and abnormal U-wave inversion. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 53: 202-8.
Pérez RA, Ferreira C, Ferreira FC, Ferreira M, Meneghini A, Hiroshi A, et al. The enigmatic sixth wave of the electrocardiogram: The U wave. Cardiol J 2008; 15: 408-21.
Bufalari A, Furbetta D, Santucci F, Solinas P. Abnormality of the U wave and the T-U segment of the electrocardiogram: the syndrome of the papillary muscles. Circulation 1956; 14: 1129-37.
Antzelevitch C, Sicouri S. Clinical relevance of cardiac arrhytmias generated by after depolarizations. Role of M cells in the generation of U waves, triggered activity and torsades de pointes. J Am CollCardiol 1994; 23: 259-77.
Kishida H, Cole JS, Surawicz B. Negative U wave: A highly specific but poorly understood sign of heart disease. Am J Cardiol 1982; 49: 2030-6.
Sovari AA, Farokhi F, Kocheril AG. Inverted U wave, a specific electrocardiographic sign of cardiac ischemia. Am J Emerg Med 2007; 25: 235-7.
Girish MP, Gupta MD, Mukhopadhyay S, Yusuf J, Sunil TN, Trehan V. U wave: An important noninvasive electrocardiographic diagnostic marker. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2005; 5: 63-5.
Viskin S, Heller K, Barron HV. Postextrasystolic U wave augmentation, a new marker of increased arrhythmic risk in patients without the long QT syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 1746-52.
Hlaing T, DiMino T, Kowey PR, Yan GX. ECG repolarization waves: Their genesis and clinical implications. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2005; 10: 211-23.
Conrath CE, Opthof T. The patient U wave. Cardiovas Res 2005; 67: 184-6.
Viskin A, Zeltser D, Antzelevitch Ch. When U say “U waves,” What Do U Mean. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2004; 27: 145-7.
Kirchhof P, Franz MR, Bardai A. Giant T-U Waves precede Torsades de Pointes in long QT syndrome. JAAC 2009; 54: 143-9.