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ISSN 1870-2821 (Print)
Organo Oficial de la Asociación Mexicana de Mastología

2014, Number 3

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Rev Mex Mastol 2014; 4 (3)

MicroRNAs: novel biomarkers in breast cancer

López-Camarillo C, Fonseca-Sánchez MA, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Ruiz-García E, Guadarrama-Orozco JA, Sánchez-Forgach E, Muñoz-Gonzalez DE, Marchat LA

Language: Spanish
References: 44
Page: 100-107
PDF size: 283.31 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Small non-coding RNAs or microRNAs (miRNAs) function as negative regulators of gene expression. Several reports indicate that expression of some miRNAs is altered in cancers; and it is now being correlated with clinical factors, prognosis and response to therapy. MiRNAs are a family of small single-stranded non-coding RNAs of 21-25 nucleotides that are related but differ from the interfering RNAs. The miRNAs repress gene expression by binding to the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of a target messenger RNA (mRNA). The miRNAs are encoded in various regions throughout the human genome in loci previously considered without a function. MiRNAs are believed to originate as a host defense against foreign genetic material such as RNA viruses and transposable elements. Estimates of the total number of genes that encode miRNAs in humans are estimated at more than 1,000 different loci. The miRNAs are synthesized by RNA polymerase II, producing a long precursor. During transcription, regions forming a hairpin pairing of complementary sequences by generating a double-stranded primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) are formed. The bubble-stem secondary structure of the pri-miRNA is recognized and processed by the enzyme Drosha, which has RNase III-like activity, generating precursors of 70-100 nucleotides called miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Several reports show that the differential expression of miRNAs may have potential diagnostic and prognostic value in various cancers.


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