Cabrera RI, Rodríguez MFD, Arjona RI, Ramos CE, Hernández MN, Rivas EE

Language: Spanish
References: 18
Page: 10-18
PDF size: 549.05 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Obesity is a pandemic today. The physical capacity of subjects with excess body weight decreases due to high energy consumption, even though their heart function is normal.
Objective: The objective was to determine the physical capacity in subjects with overnutrition and in those with normal weight, with normal systolic left ventricular function.
Method: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 170 subjects who came to the General Calixto García University Hospital in Havana, Cuba from April 2009 to November 2012. The sample was divided, according to body mass index, into normal weight (50), overweight (60) and obese (60). An exercise test and an echocardiogram were performed.
Results: Females and white skin color predominated (53.2%, respectively). A sedentary lifestyle and adding salt to food were found in a greater proportion among the overweight and obese subjects (p‹0.001 vs. normal weight). The systolic blood pressure at maximal effort differed between the groups: 200 ± 15 mmHg in obese subjects, 185 ± 27 mmHg in overweight subjects and 173 ± 24 mmHg in normal weight (p‹0.05). The physical capacity, measured in METs, was low in obese subjects (5.8 ± 1.3) compared with overweight subjects (7.8 ± 2.1) and normal weight subjects (8.3 ± 1.7), p‹0.001. The diameters, wall thickness and left ventricular mass increased in obese subjects with normal systolic function.
Conclusions: Physical capacity deteriorates as body mass index increases even with normal systolic left ventricular function.

REFERENCES

1. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Anuario Estadístico de Salud 2012 [Internet]. La Habana: Dirección Na-cional de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas; 2013 [citado 10 Ago 2014]. Disponible en: http://files.sld.cu/dne/files/2013/04/anuario_2012.pdf

2. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Obesidad y so-brepeso [Internet]. 2015 [citado 10 Ene 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/es/

3. Garrido O. Ocurrencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad en Cuba. Curso de Universidad para Todos: La obesidad una epidemia mundial [Internet]. 2008 [citado 15 Jul 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/diabetes/ocurrencia_de_sobrepeso_y_obesidad_en_cuba.pdf

4. Seres L, Lopez-Aryebe J, Coll R, Rodríguez O, Man-resa JM, Marrugat J, et al. Función cardiopulmonar y capacidad de ejercicio en pacientes con obesidad mórbida. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2003;56:594-600.

5. López-Jiménez F, Cortés-Bengoderi M. Obesidad y corazón. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011;64:140-9.

6. Alegría E, Castellanos JM, Alegría A. Obesidad, sín-drome metabólico y diabetes: implicaciones cardio-vasculares y actuaciones terapéuticas. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2008;61:752-64.

7. Banerjee A, Newman DR, Van den Bruel A, Hene-ghan C. Diagnostic accuracy of exercise stress testing for coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Int J Clin Pract. 2012;66:477-92.

8. Devereux RB, Reichek N. Echocardiographic deter-mination of left ventricular mass in man. Anatomic validation of the method. Circulation. 1977;55:613-8.

9. Klein S, Allison DB, Heymsfield SB, Kelley DE, Leibel RL, Nonas C, et al. Waist circumference and car-diometabolic risk: a consensus statement from Shaping America's Health: Association for Weight Management and Obesity Prevention; NAASO, The Obesity Society; the American Society for Nutrition; and the American Diabetes Association. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85:1197-202.

10. López A, Elvira J, Beltrán M, Alwakil M, Sancedo JM, Bascuñana A, et al. Prevalencia de obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia y sín-drome metabólico en adultos mayores de 50 años de Sanlúcar de Barrameda. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2008; 61:1150-8.

11. Sánchez M, Fernández-Britto JE, Bacallao J, Robaina C, Cabrera I, Rodríguez AL. Síndrome metabólico y alteraciones ergométricas en pacientes adultos no diabéticos. Rev Cubana Invest Biomed [Internet]. 2009 [citado 21 May 2014];28:25-36. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/ibi/v28n3/ibi03309.pdf

12. Diez EN, Benet M, Morejón AF, García R. El consu-mo de sal ¿riesgo o necesidad? Rev Finlay [Inter-net]. 2011[citado 10 Ago 2014];1:221-8: Disponible en: http://revfinlay.sld.cu/index.php/finlay/article/view/73/99

13. Fernández AM, Navarro DA. Adiposidad total, su distribución abdominal. Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol [Internet]. 2010 [citado 15 Jun 2014];36:433-9. Dis-ponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/gin/v36n3/gin13310.pdf

14. Poirier P, Alper MA, Fleisher LA, Thompson PD, Su-german HJ, Burke LE, et al. Cardiovascular evalua-tion and management of severely obese patients undergoing surgery: science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2009;120: 86-95.

15. Cabrera I, Izaguirre G. Respuesta cardiovascular du-rante el ejercicio físico en normotensos y prehiper-tensos. Rev Cubana Invest Biomédicas [Internet]. 2008 [citado 25 Jul 2014];27:[aprox. 9 p.]. Disponi-ble en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/ibi/v27n1/ibi03108.pdf

16. Benet M, Cabrera RM, Coll Y, Curbelo Y, Leon ML, Diez E, et al. La hiperreactividad cardiovascular: un nuevo factor asociado al síndrome metabólico. Rev Finlay [Internet]. 2011 [citado 14 May 2014];1:17-25. Disponible en: http://revfinlay.sld.cu/index.php/finlay/article/view/25/1175

17. Abel ED, Litwin SE, Sweeney G. Cardiac remodeling in obesity. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:389-419.

18. Pascual M, Pascual DA, Soria F, Vicente T, Hernán-dez AM, Tébar FJ, et al. Effects of isolated obesity on systolic and diastolic left ventricular function. Heart. 2003;89:1152-6.