medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2014, Number 6

<< Back Next >>

Rev Invest Clin 2014; 66 (6)

Indications for liver transplant

Aguirre-Valadez J, Torre A, Vilatobá M, Contreras AG, Sánchez-Cedillo A, Antolinez-Motta J, García-Juárez I

Language: Spanish
References: 86
Page: 534-546
PDF size: 183.73 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of choice in selected patients with end-stage liver disease and in some with acute liver failure, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other diseases with no synthetic liver failure. Currently, LT has an overall survival › 90 % at 1 year. Proper selection of LT candidates is important given the shortage in organ donation. The allocation and priorization of organs to patients with chronic liver failure (CLF) in waiting lists, is determined by the MELD priority score (Model of End Stage Liver Disease). Indications for LT in patients with CLF are the same regardless of the etiology (any type of hepatic decompensation or development of HCC). Priority MELD is a variant to this classification used only in special cases such as in those with stable hepatopathy but severe extra-hepatic features (e.g., HCC or hepato-pulmonary syndrome). The indication for LT in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) and acute failure associated to chronic liver failure (ACLF) are not fully established; there are prognostic factors that may guide the decision for urgent LT and some centers, like the King’s College Hospital criteria in the UK. Currently, LT is a therapeutic modality in some primary liver tumors (HCC, cholangiocarcinoma) and neuroendocrine liver metastatic tumors. These protocols have provided significant opportunities for long-term survival (› 70% at 5 years). The high demand and shortage of organs have fostered the development of new strategies to benefit more patients, such as the use of extended criteria donors, or “domino” transplants. This review focuses on the most relevant data on the different indications of LT.


REFERENCES

  1. Fleming KM, Aithal GP, Card TR, et al. All cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with general population: a population based cohort study. Liver Int 2012; 32(1): 79-84.

  2. Zipprich A, Garcia-Tsao G, Rogowski S, et al. Prognostic indicators of survival in patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Liver Int 2012; 32(9): 1407-14.

  3. Schuppan D, Afdhal NH. Liver cirrhosis. Lancet 2008; 371(9615): 838-51.

  4. Bernardi M, Gitto S, Biselli M. The MELD score in patients awaiting liver transplant: strenghts and weaknesses. J Hepatol 2011; 54(6): 1297-306.

  5. Merion RM, Schaubel DE, Dykstra DM, et al. The survival benefit of liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2005; 5(2): 307-13.

  6. Burra P, Germani G, Adam R, et al. Liver transplantation for VHB related cirrhosis in Europe: an ELTR study on evolution and outcomes. J Hepatol 2013; 58(2): 287-96.

  7. Papatheodoridis GV, Cholongitas E, Archimandritis AJ, et al. Current management of hepatitis B virus infection before and after liver transplantation. Liver Int 2009; 29(9): 1294-305.

  8. Gane EJ, Angus PW, Strasser S, et al. Lamivudine plus low dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin to prevent recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 2007; 132(3): 931-7.

  9. Fung J, Chan SC, Cheung C, et al. Oral nucleoside/nucleotide analogs without hepatitis B immune globulin after liver transplantation for hepatitis B. Am J Gastroenterology 2013; 108(6): 942-8.

  10. Gane E, Patterson S, Strasser SI, et al. Combination of Lamivudine and Adefovir without hepatitis B Inmmune Globulin is safe and effective prophylaxis against hepatitis B virus recurrence in Hepatitis B surface antigen positive liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl 2013; 19(3): 268-74.

  11. European Association for the study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2012; 57(1): 167-85.

  12. Rubin A, Aguilera V, Berenguer M. Liver transplantation and hepatitis C. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35(12): 805-12.

  13. Kotlyar DS, Burke A, Campbell MS, et al. A critical review of candidacy for orthotopic liver transplantation in alcoholic liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103(3): 734-43.

  14. Mathurin P, Moreno C, Samuel D, et al. Early liver transplantation for severe alcoholic hepatitis. New Eng J Med 2011; 365(19): 1790-800.

  15. Mackie J, Groves K, Hoyle A, et al. Orthotopic liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: a retrospective analysis of survival, recidivism, and risk factors predisposing to recidivism. Liver Transpl 2001; 7(5): 418-27.

  16. Tang H, Boulton R, Gunson B, et al. Patterns of alcohol consumption after liver transplantation. Gut 1998; 43(1): 140-5.

  17. Poynard T, Naveau S, Doffoel M, et al. Evaluation of efficacy of liver transplantation in alcoholic cirrhosis using matched and simulated controls:5 years survival. Multi centre group. J Hepatol 1999; 30(6): 1130-7.

  18. Burra P, Senzolo M, Adam R, et al. Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease in Europe: study from the ELTR (European Liver Transplant Registry). Am J Transplant 2010; 10(1): 138-48.

  19. Malik SM, de Vera ME, Fontes P, et al. Outcome after liver transplantation for NASH cirrhosis. Am J Trasnplant 2009; 9(4): 782-93.

  20. Yalamanchili K, Saadeh S, Klintmalm GB, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Transpl 2010; 16(4): 431-9.

  21. Adam R, Karam V, Delvart V, et al. Evolution of indications and results of liver transplantation in Europe. A report from European Liver Transplant Registry (ETLR). J Hepatol 2012; 57(3): 675-88.

  22. Gross CR, Malinchoc M, Kim WR, et al. Quality of life before and after liver transplantation for cholestatic disease. Hepatology 1999; 29(2): 356-64.

  23. Pells G, Mells GF, Carbone M, et al. The impact of liver transplantation on the phenotype of primary biliary cirrhosis patients in the UK-PBC cohort. J Hepatol 2013; 59(1): 67-73.

  24. McQuillan GC, Neuberger J. Liver transplantation for primary biliary cirrhosis. Clin Liver Dis 2003; 7(4): 941-56.

  25. Harada K, Hirohara J, Ueno Y, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis: a national data from Japan. Hepatology 2013; 57(5): 1942-9.

  26. Deutsh M, Papatheodoridis GV, Tzakou A, et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic malignancies in primary biliary cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 20(1): 5-9.

  27. Shaib Y, El Serag HB. The epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma. Semin Liv 2004; 24(2): 115-25.

  28. Carbone M, Neuberger JM. Autoimmune liver disease, autoimmunity and liver transplantation. J Hepatol 2014; 60(1): 210-23.

  29. Rowe IA, Webb K, Gunson BK, et al. The impact of disease recurrence on graft survival following liver transplantation: a single centre experience. Transpl Int 2008; 21(5): 459-65.

  30. Niederau C, Fischer R, Ourschel A, et al. Long term survival in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis. Gastroenterology 1996; 110(4): 1107-19.

  31. Kowdley KV, Brandhagen DJ, Gish RG, et al. Survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatic iron overload: the national hemochromatosis transplant registry. Gastroenterology 2005; 129(2): 494-503.

  32. Dar FS, Faraj W, Zaman MB, et al. Outcome of liver transplantation in hereditary hemochromatosis. Transplant International 2009; 22(7): 717-24.

  33. Roberts EA, Schilsky ML. Diagnosis and treatment of Wilson disease: An update. Hepatology 2008; 47(6): 2089-111.

  34. Schilsky ML, Scheinberg IH, Sternlieb I. Liver transplantation for Wilson´s disease: indications and outcome. Hepatology 1994; 19(3): 583-7.

  35. Schumacher G, Platz KP, Mueller AR, et al. Liver transplantation in neurologic Wilson’s disease. Transplant Proc 2001; 33(1-2): 1518-9.

  36. Litwin T, Gromadzka G, Czlonkowska A. Neurological presentation of Wilson’s disease in a patient after liver transplantation. Mov Disord 2008; 23(5): 743-6.

  37. Kemmer N, Kaiser T, Zacharias V, et al. Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: Outcomes after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2008; 40(5): 1492-4.

  38. Bernal W, Wendon J. Acute Liver Failure. N Engl J Med 2013; 369(36): 2525-34.

  39. O’Grady J. Timing and benefit of liver transplantation in acute liver failure. J Hepatol 2014; 60(3): 663-70.

  40. Germani G, Theocharidou E, Adam R, et al. M Liver transplantation for acute liver failure in Europe: outcomes over 20 years from the ELTR database. J Hepatol 2012; 57(2): 288-96.

  41. Bernal W, Hyyryainen A, Gera A, et al. Lessons from look back in cute liver failure? A single centre experience of 3,300 patients. J Hepatol 2013; 59(1): 74-80.

  42. Mendizabal M, Marciano S, Videla MG, et al. Changing etiologies and outcomes of acute liver failure: Perspective from 6 transplant centers in Argentina. Liver Transpl 2014; 20(4): 483-9.

  43. Nuberger J, Gimson A, Davies M, et al. Selection of patients for liver transplantation and allocation of donated livers in the UK. Gut 2008; 57(2): 252-7.

  44. Bailey B, Amre DK, Gaudreault P. Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to acetaminophen poisoning: a systematic review and meta analysis of prognostic criteria determining the need for liver transplantation. Crit Care Med 2003; 31(1): 299-305.

  45. McPhail MJW, Wendon JA, Bernal W. Meta analysis of performance of King’s College Hospital Criteria in prediction of outcome in non paracetamol-induced acute liver failure. J Hepatol 2010; 53(3): 492-9.

  46. Disponible en: https://securews.bcbswny.com/web/content/ dam/COMMON/Provider/Protocols/L/prov_prot_70306.pdf [Última revisión: 07/01/2014].

  47. Elinav E, Ben Dov I, Hai AM E, et al. The predective value of admission and follow up factor V and VII levels in patients with acute hepatitis and coagulopathy. J Hepatol 2005; 42(1): 82-5.

  48. O’Grady JG, Alexander GJ, Hallyar KM, et al. Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 1989; 97(2): 439-45.

  49. Shakil AO, Jones BC, Lee RG, et al. Prognostic value of abdominal CT scanning and hepatic histopathology in patients with acute liver failure. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45(2): 334-9.

  50. Germani G, Theocharidou E, Adam R, et al. M Liver transplantation for acute liver failure in Europe: outcomes over 20 years from the ELTR database. J Hepatol 2012; 57(2): 288-96.

  51. Chen Z, Wen T, Zeng Y, et al. A single institution experience with living donor liver transplantation for acute on chronic hepatitis B liver failure. Hepatogastroenterology 2011; 58(109): 1267-73.

  52. Duan BW, Lu SC, Wang ML, et al. Liver transplantation in acute on chronic liver failure patients with high model for end stage liver disease (MELD) scores: a single center experiences of 100 consecutives cases. J Surg Res 2013; 183(2): 936-43.

  53. Chan AC, Fan ST, Lo CM, et al. Liver transplantation for acute on chronic liver failure. Hepat Int 2009; 3(4): 571-81.

  54. Finkenstedt A, Nachbaur K, Zoller H, et al. Acute on chronic liver failure: excellent outcomes after liver transplantation but high mortality on the wait list. Liv Transplant 2013; 19(8): 879-86.

  55. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). Transplant Annual Data Reports 2012 [Accesed: August 27, 2012]. Disponible en: http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/data/ annualreport.asp

  56. Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334(11): 693-9.

  57. Sotiropoulos GC, Malagó M, Molmenti E, et al. Transplantation realistic? Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: is clinical tumor classification before transplantation realistic? Transplantation 2005; 79(4): 483-7.

  58. Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Expansion for the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. Hepatology 2001; 33(6): 1394-403.

  59. Clavien PA, Lesurtel M, Bossusyt PM, et al. Recommendations for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: an international consensus conference report. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13(1): e11-e22.

  60. Porres-Aguilar M, J Gallegos-Orozco F, Garcia H, et al. Complicaciones pulmonares vasculares en hipertensión portal y enfermedad hepática: una revisión concisa. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2013; 78(1): 35-44.

  61. Rodríguez Roisin R, Krowka MJ. Hepato-pulmonary syndrome: a liver induced lung vascular syndrome. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(12): 2378-87.

  62. Schiffer E, Majno P, Mentha G, et al Hepato-pulmonary syndrome increases the postoperative mortality rate following liver transplantation: A prospective study in 90 patients. Am J Transplant 2006; 6(6): 1430-7.

  63. Iyer VN, Swanson KL, Cartin-Ceba R, Dierkhising RA, Rosen CB, Heimbach JK, Wiesner RH, et al. Hepato-pulmonary syndrome: Favorable outcomes in the MELD exception era. Hepatology 2013; 57(6): 2427-35.

  64. Gupta S, Castel H, Rao RV, Picard M, Lilly L, Faughnan ME, Pomier-Layrargues G. Improved survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepato-pulmonary syndrome. Am J Transplant 2010; 10(2): 354-63.

  65. Iyer VN, Swanson KL, Cartin Ceba R, et al. Hepato-pulmonary Syndrome: Favorable Outcomes in the MELD exception Era. Hepatology 2013; 57(6): 2427-35.

  66. Fallon MB, Mulligan DC, Gish RG, et al. Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception for hepato-pulmonary syndrome. Liver Transpl 2006; 12(supl.3): S105-S107.

  67. Freeman RB, Gish R, Harper A, et al. Model for End stage liver disease (MELD) exception guidelines: results and recommendations from the MELD Exception Study Group and Conference (MESSAGE) for the Approval of patients who need liver transplantation with diseases not considered by standard MELD formula. Liver Transplant 2006; 12(supl. 3): S128-S136.

  68. Hassoun Z, Gores GJ, Rosen CB. Preliminary experiences with liver transplantation in selected patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2002; 11(4): 909-21.

  69. Darwin Murad S, Kim WR, Harnois DM, et al. Efficacy of neodajuvant chemoradiation, followed by liver transplantation, for perihiliar cholangiocarcinoma at 12 US centers. Gastroenterology 2012; 143(1): 88-98 e3.

  70. Houben KW, Mc Call JL. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients without underlaying liver disease: a systematic review. Liver Transplant Surg 1999; 5(2): 91-5.

  71. Gevers TJG, Drenth JPH. Diagnosis and management of polycistic liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 10(2): 101-08.

  72. van Keimpema L, Nevens F, Adam R. Polycystic liver disease: an European Liver Transplant Registry, et al. Excellent survival after liver transplantation for isolated polycystic liver disease: an European Liver Transplant Registry study. Transpl Int 2011; 24(12): 1239-45.

  73. Tincani G, Hoti E, Andreani P, et al. Operative risks of domino liver transplantation for the familial amyloid polyneuropathy liver donor and recipient: a double analysis. Am J Transplant 2011; 11(4): 759-66.

  74. Popescu I, Dima SO. Domino Liver Transplantation: How Far Can we push the paradigm? Liv Transplant 2012; 18(1): 22-8.

  75. Planté-Bordeneuve V, Said G. Familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10(12): 1086-97.

  76. Lladó L, Baliellas C, Casasnovas C, et al. Risk of transmission of systemic transthyretin amyloidosis after domino liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2010; 16(12): 1386-92.

  77. Danpure CJ. Molecular and clinical heterogeneity in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Am J Kidney Dis 1991; 17(4): 366-9.

  78. Watts RW, Danpure CJ, De Pauw L, et al. Combined liver kidney and isolated liver transplantations for primary hyperoxaluria type 1:the European experience. The European Study Group on Transplantation in Hyperoxaluria type 1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991; 6(7): 502-11.

  79. Farese S, Trost N, Candinas D, et al. Early renal failure after domino hepatic transplantation using the liver from a compound heterozygous patient with primary hyperoxaluria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 20(11): 2557-60.

  80. Castilla Cabeza JA, López Cillero P, Jiménez J, et al. Role of orthotopic liver transplant in the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (in Spanish). Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2000; 92(9): 601-08.

  81. Popescu I, Habib N, Dima S, et al. Domino liver transplantation using a graft from a donor with familial hypercholesterolemia: seven year follow up. Clin Transplant 2009; 23(4): 565-70.

  82. Mazzaferro V, Pulvirenti A, Coppa J. Neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver: How to select patients for liver transplantation? J Hepatol 2007; 47(4): 454-75.

  83. Le Treut YP, Grégoire E, Klempnauer J, et al. Liver transplantation for Neuroendocrine Tumors in Europe-Results and Trends in patient selection. A 213 Case European Liver Transplant Registry Study. Ann Surg 2013; 257(5): 807-15.

  84. Norlén O, Daskalakis K, Öberg K, et al. Indication for liver transplantation in Young patients with small intestinal NET is rare? World J Surg 2014; 38(3): 742-7.

  85. Murray KF, Carithers RL. AASLD practice guidelines: Evaluation of the patient for liver transplantation. Hepatology 2005; 41(6): 1407-32.

  86. Rubín A, Aguilera V, Berenguer M. Liver transplantation and hepatitis C. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2011; 35(12): 805-12.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com