medigraphic.com
ISSN 0210-5187 (Electronic)

2014, Number 4-6

<< Back Next >>

Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2014; 42 (4-6)

Definition, epidemiology and pathogenesis of alopecia areata

Salazar NM, Arias SS, Buendía-Eisman A

Language: Spanish
References: 55
Page: 81-90
PDF size: 379.93 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Alopecia areata is a polygenic autoimmune disease characterized by self-limited asymptomatic alopecic patches, non-inflammatory and scarring. The true prevalence in the population is not well-known, as most studies include hospital samples. The pathogenesis is unknown, it is a heterogeneous syndrome multifunctional polygenic, caused by genetic and environmental factors. The clinical significance of alopecia areata resides in affecting the quality of life that produces and comorbidities associated with it.


REFERENCES

  1. Gilhar A, Etzioni A, Paus R. Alopecia areata. N Engl J Med. 2012; 366: 1515-25.

  2. Alzolibani AA. Epidemiology and genetic characteristics of alopecia areata (Part-1). Acta Dermatoven APA. 201; 20: 191-8.

  3. García-Hernández MJ, Camacho F. Epidemiología clínica de la alopecia areata. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2002; 93: 223-8.

  4. Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ. Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995; 70: 628-33.

  5. Alkhalifah A, Alsantali A, Wang E, McElwee KJ, Shapiro J. Alopecia areata update. Part I. Clinical picture, histopathology, and pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010; 62: 177-88.

  6. Tan E, Tay YK, Goh CL, Giam YC. The pattern and profile of alopecia areata in Singapore-a study of 219 Asians. Int J Dermatol. 2002; 41: 748-53.

  7. Wasserman D, Guzmán-Sánchez DA, Scott K, McMichael A. Alopecia areata. Int J Dematol. 2007; 46: 121-31.

  8. Kakourou T, Karachristou K, Chrousos G. A case series of alopecia areata in children: impact of personal and familial history of stress and autoimmunity. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007; 21: 356-9.

  9. García-Hernández MJ, Camacho F. Epidemiología clínica de la alopecia areata. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2002; 93: 223-8.

  10. Camacho FM. Alopecia areata. Epidemiología. Cuadros clínicos típicos. Monogr Dermatol. 2010; 23: 237-43.

  11. Finner AM. Alopecia areata: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and unusual cases. Dermatol Ther. 2011; 24: 348-54.

  12. Alsaleh QA, Nanda A, al-Hasawi F, el-Kashlan M. Concurrent appearance of alopecia areata in siblings. Pediatr Dermatol. 1995; 12: 285-6.

  13. Scerri L, Pace JL. Identical twins with identical alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992; 27 (5 Pt 1): 766-7.

  14. Bonjean M, Prime A, Avon P. Pelade chez deux jumeaux homozygotes (sic). Lyon Med. 1968; 219: 1852-3.

  15. Cole GW, Herzlinger D. Alopecia universalis in identical twins. Int J Dermatol. 1984; 23: 283.

  16. Hendren S. Identical alopecia areata in identical twins. Arch Derm Syphilol. 1949; 60 (5 Pt. 1): 793-5.

  17. Mamelok AE, Weidman AI, Zion LS. Alopecia areata occurring simultaneously in identical twins. AMA Arch Derm. 1956; 74: 424-6.

  18. Stankler L. Synchronous alopecia areata in two siblings: a possible viral aetiology. Lancet. 1979; 1 (8129): 1303-4.

  19. Van der Steen P, Traupe H, Happle R, Boezeman J, Sträter R, Hamm H. The genetic risk for alopecia areata in first degree relatives of severely affected patients. An estimate. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992; 72: 373-5.

  20. Sharma VK, Dawn G, Kumar B. Profile of alopecia areata in Northern India. Int J Dermatol. 1996; 35: 22-7.

  21. Shelton JM, Hollander L. Alopecia totalis in father and daughter. Arch Dermatol Syph. 1942; 46: 137-8.

  22. Goldhestein LM, Chipizhenko VA. Familial alopecia areata. Vestn Dermatol Venerol. 1978; 10: 36-8.

  23. Sharma VK, Kumar B, Dawn G. A clinical study of childhood alopecia areata in Chandigarh, India. Pediatr Dermatol. 1996; 13: 372-7.

  24. Hordinsky MK, Hallgren H, Nelson D, Filipovich AH. Familial alopecia areata. HLA antigens and autoantibody formation in an American family. Arch Dermatol. 1984; 120: 464-8.

  25. Valsecchi R, Vicari O, Frigeni A, Foiadelli L, Naldi L, Cainelli T. Familial alopecia areata-genetic susceptibility or coincidence? Acta Derm Venereol. 1985; 65: 175-7.

  26. Safavi KH, Muller SA, Suman VJ, Moshell AN, Melton LJ 3rd. Incidence of alopecia areata in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1975 through 1989. Mayo Clin Proc. 1995; 70: 628-33.

  27. Blaumeiser B, van der Goot I, Fimmers R, Hanneken S, Ritzmann S, Seymons K et al. Familial aggregation of alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006; 54: 627-32.

  28. Freyschmidt-Paul P, Hoffmann R, McElwee KJ. Alopecia areata. In: Blume-Peytavi U, Tosti A, Whithing DA, Trueb R. Hair growth and disorders. Berlin: Ed. Springer-Verlag; 2008: pp. 311-32.

  29. Petukhova L, Duvic M, Hordinsky M, Petukhova L, Duvic M, Hordinsky M et al. Genome-wide association study in alopecia areata implicates both innate and adaptive immunity. Nature. 2010; 466: 113-7.

  30. Ito T, Ito N, Saathoff M, Hashizume H, Fukamizu H, Nickoloff BJ et al. Maintenance of hair follicle immune privilege is linked to prevention of NK cell attack. J Invest Dermatol. 2008; 128: 1196-206.

  31. Barahmani N, Schabath MB, Duvic M; National Alopecia Areata Registry. History of atopy or autoimmunity increases risk of alopecia areata. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009; 61: 581-91.

  32. Freyschmidt-Paul P, McElwee K, Hoffmann R. Alopecia areata. In: Hertl M, ed. Autoimmune diseases of the skin. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, management. Viena: Ed. Springer; 2007: pp. 341-54.

  33. Gilhar A, Pillar T, Assay B, David M. Failure of passive transfer of serum from patients with alopecia areata and alopecia universalis to inhibit hair growth in transplants of human scalp skin grafted on to nude mice. Br J Dermatol. 1992; 126: 166-71.

  34. Bodemer C, Peuchmaur M, Fraitaig S, Chatenoud L, Brousse N, De Prost Y. Role of cytotoxic T cells in chronic alopecia areata. J Invest Dermatol. 2000; 114: 112-6.

  35. McElwee KJ, Spiers EM, Oliver RF. Partial restoration of hair growth in the DEBR model for alopecia areata after in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells. Br J Dermatol. 1999; 140: 432-7.

  36. Carroll JM, McElwee KJ, King L, Byrne MC, Sundberg JP. Gene array profiling and immunomodulation studies define a cell-mediated immune response underlying the pathogenesis of alopecia areata in a mouse model and humans. J Invest Dermatol. 2002; 119: 392-402.

  37. Schroder K, Hertzog PJ, Ravasi T, Hume DA. Interferon-gamma: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions. J Leukoc Biol. 2004; 75: 163-89.

  38. Chu SY, Chen YJ, Tseng WC, Lin MW, Chen TJ, Hwang CY et al. Psychiatric comorbidities in patients with alopecia areata in Taiwan: a case-control study. Br J Dermatol. 2012; 166: 525-31.

  39. Freyschmidt-Paul P, Zoeller M, McElwee KJ, Sundberg JP, Hoffmann R. The cytokines in alopecia areata pathogenesis: IFN gamma is essentially involved while IL-2 plays a minor role. J Invest Dermatol. 2004; 122: A8.

  40. McElwee KJ, Silva K, Beamer WG, King LE Jr, Sundberg JP. Melanocyte and gonad activity as potential severity modifying factors in C3H/HeJ mouse alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol. 2001; 10: 420-9.

  41. Wallace ML, Smoller BR. Estrogen and progesterone receptors in androgenic alopecia versus alopecia areata. Am J Dermatopathol. 1998; 20: 160-3.

  42. McElwee KJ, Niiyama S, Freyschmidt-Paul P, Wenzel E, Kissling S, Sundberg JP et al. Dietary soy oil content and soy-derived phytoestrogen genistein increase resistance to alopecia areata onset in C3H/HeJ mice. Exp Dermatol. 2003; 12: 30-6.

  43. Kavak A, Yesildal N, Parlak AH. Effect of two consecutive earthquakes on outbreaks of alopecia areata. J Dermatol. 2002; 29: 414-8.

  44. García-Hernández MJ, Ruiz-Roblado S, Rodríguez-Pichardo A, Camacho F. Alopecia areata, stress and psychiatric disorders. A review. J Dermatol. 1999; 26: 625-32.

  45. Brajac I, Tkalcic M, Dragojević DM, Gruber F. Roles of stress, stress perception and trait-anxiety in the onset and course of alopecia areata. J Dermatol. 2003; 30: 871-8.

  46. Masters R. Psyche and skin. In: Aoter N, Baden HP (eds). Pathophysiology of dermatology diseases. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1984: pp. 441-53.

  47. Díaz-Atienza F, Gurpegui M. Environmental stress but not subjective distress in children or adolescents with alopecia areata. J Psychosom Res. 2011; 71: 102-7.

  48. Gupta MA, Gupta AK, Watteel GN. Stress and alopecia areata: a psychodermatologic study. Acta Derm Venereol. 1997; 77: 296-8.

  49. Wygledowska-Kania M, Bogdanowski T. Psychic factors in case histories of patients with alopecia areata-preliminary report. Psychiatr Pol. 1996; 30: 669-76.

  50. Dy LC, Whiting DA. Histopathology of alopecia areata, acute and chronic: why is it important to the clinician? Dermatol Ther. 2011; 24: 369-74.

  51. Chu SY, Chen YJ, Tseng WC, Lin MW, Chen TJ, Hwang CY et al. Comorbidity profiles among patients with alopecia areata: the importance of onset age, a nationwide population-based study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011; 65: 949-56.

  52. Colón EA, Popkin MK, Callies AL, Dessert NJ, Hordinsky MK. Lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with alopecia areata. Compr Psychiatry. 1991; 32: 245-51.

  53. Ferrando-Roqueta FJ, Corral-Blanco C, Lobo-Satue A et al. Estudio de los fenómenos de estrés y su relación con variables psicopatológicas, clínicas e inmunológicas en pacientes con alopecia areata. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 1996; 87: 597-609.

  54. Koo JY, Shelow WVR, Hallman CP, Edwards JE. Alopecia areata and increased prevalence of psychiatric disorders. Int J Dermatol. 1994; 33: 849-50.

  55. Ruiz-Doblado S, Carrizosa A, García-Hernández MJ. Alopecia areata: psychiatric comorbidity and adjustment to illness. Int J Dermatol. 2003; 42: 434-7.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com