medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-2929 (Print)

2014, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

RCAN 2014; 24 (2)

Metabolic complications after kidney transplant

Borroto DG, Barceló AM

Language: Spanish
References: 108
Page: 280-303
PDF size: 618.94 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Kidney-transplanted patient is at increased risk of several metabolic complications that can affect the function of the graft and cause its early dysfunction and, if it is not intervened timely, loss of the transplanted organ and patient’s life itself. Causes for these metabolic complications organize around resistance to the action of insulin and altered states of peripheral use of glucose. Patient´s genetic background and primary cause of loss of the kidney function, as well as immunosuppressive treatment, excessive gain weight, visceral distribution of body fat, and function of the grafted kidney, all contribute to resistance to insulin. Patient´s life and food styles, sedentarism and disproportionate participation of food fats among them, are not to be overlooked. Identification, correction and eventual prevention of complications associated with kidney transplant should lead to multi- and inter-disciplinary action in all the domains of the health status of the transplanted patient such as the features of the immunosuppressive regime, physical activity, and feeding. Promotion of a balanced and varied diet, systematic practice of physical exercise, reorientation of patient´s life styles, and adequacy of the immunosuppressive treatment in accordance with the stage of the evolution of the kidney transplant should result in a prolonged survival of the graft, and a better quality of life of the patient as well as his/her relatives.


REFERENCES

  1. Hernández D, Torres A. Alteraciones del metabolismo de la glucosa tras el trasplante renal: Análisis de la evidencia. Nefrologia Sup Ext 2010;1:3-10.

  2. Markell M. New-onset Diabetes mellitus in transplant patients: Pathogenesis, complications, and management. Am J Kidney Dis 2004;43:953-65.

  3. Díaz JM, Alonso A, Caparrós S, de la Cerda F, Erraste P, de Gracia R, Gutiérrez-Dalmau A; et al. Etiopatogenia y metodología diagnóstica de la diabetes posterior al trasplante renal. Nefrologia Sup Ext 2010;1:11-4.

  4. Vigano M. Calcineurin inhibitors and mechanisms that are responsible for the appearance of post-transplant diabetes mellitus. G Ital Nefrol 2003;20(S 25): S11-S14.

  5. Shimizu M, Lino Y, Tarashi A. Improvement of insulin sensitivity after renal transplant measured by a glicemic clamp. Nipon Ika 1998;65:50-4.

  6. Oterdoom LH, Aiko PJ, Ganservoort RT, Van Son JW, Homan JJ. Determinants of insulin resistance in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2007;83: 29-35.

  7. Sezer S, Akgul A, Altinoglu A, Arat Z, Ozdemir F N, Haberal M. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus: Impact of good blood glucose regulation on renal transplant recipient outcome. Transplant Proc 2006; 38:533-8.

  8. Kuzuya T, Nakagawa S, Satoh J, Kanazawa Y, Iwamoto Y, Kobayashi M. Report of the Committee on the classification and diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus. Japan Diabetic Society. Diabetic Research Clin Pract 2002;55:65-85.

  9. Romagnoli M, Violi P, Nanni G, Castagneto M. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation with different immunosuppressive agents. Transplant Proc 2004;36:690-1.

  10. First R, Hariharan S, Kaufman DB, Shapiro R. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus in kidney allograft recipients: incidence, risk factors, and management. Transplantation 2002;15:379-86.

  11. Ruals BM, Alves R. Diabetes mellitus after renal transplant. Acta Med Port 1996;9:233-5.

  12. Baltar J, Ortega T, Ortega F, Laures A, Rebollo P. Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and risk factors. Transplant Proc 2005;37:3817-8.

  13. Roosbeh J, Mehdizadeh AR, Razmkon A, Malek-Hosseini SA. Incidence of posttransplantation Diabetes mellitus in kidney transplantation: A single-center experience. Transplant Proc 2005;37: 3095-7.

  14. Foo SM, Wong HS, Morad Z. Risk factors and incidence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2004;36: 2139-40.

  15. Kamar N, Mariat C, Delahousse M, Lefrancois N, Dantal J, Benhamou P. New onset diabetes mellitus incidence and risk factors in kidney transplantation: Results of the observational cross-sectional study diapason. Íbidem 2006;38:2295-7.

  16. ADA American Diabetes Association. Standard of medical care in Diabetes- 2011. Diabetes Care 2011;34(Suppl 1): S11-S61.

  17. Borroto Díaz G, Batista F, Barceló M, Guerrero C. Frecuencia y factores de riesgo de la Diabetes mellitus pos-trasplante renal. Rev Cubana Medicina 2002;41:207-11.

  18. Borroto Díaz G, Barceló Acosta M, Guerrero Díaz C, González Alvarez MV, Infante Suárez A. Frecuencia de insulinorresistencia y/o déficit secretor de insulina y su relación con factores de riesgo para la hiperglucemia en pacientes con trasplantes renales. Íbidem 2008; 47(1):0-0. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75232008000100003&lng=es/. Fecha de última visita: 3 de Julio del 2014.

  19. Jindal RM. Posttransplant diabetes mellitus- A review. Transplantation 1994;58:1289-98.

  20. Ayodele OE. Natural history and epidemiology of post transplantation diabetes mellitus. Afr Health Sci 2005;5: 255-60.

  21. Wheeler DC, Krentz AJ. New-onset diabetes after transplantation. Br J Hosp Med 2007;68:190-4.

  22. Sezer S, Uyar M, Arat Z, Ozdemir FN. Risk factors for development of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in renal transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2006;38:529-32.

  23. Corry DB, Tuck ML. Selective aspects of the insulin resistance syndrome. Curr Opin Nephrol Hipertens 2001;10: 507-14.

  24. Romagnoli J, Citterio F, Violi P, Cadeddu F, Nanni G. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus: A case-control analysis of the risk factors. Transpl Int 2005; 18:309-12.

  25. Bastos MA Jr, Oliveira MM, de Castro SH, Cunha EF, Moraes ER. Risk factors for developing diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol 2005;49:271-7.

  26. Andrade Sierra J, Contreras AM, Monteon FJ, Celis A. Risk factors and incidence of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in Mexican kidney recipients. Transplant Proc 2006;37:961-6.

  27. Genctoy G, Kahraman S, Arici M, Altun B, Erdem Y, Bakkaloglu M. The role of proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms for development of insulin resistance after renal transplantation. Íbidem 2006; 38:521-8.

  28. Kamar N, Mariat C, Delahousse M, Dantal J, Najjar AA, Cassuto E. Diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation: A French multicentre observational study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;29: 156-60.

  29. Shah T, Kasravi A, Huang E, Hayashi R, Young B, Cho YW, Bunnapradist S. Risk factors for development of new-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2006; 82:1673-6.

  30. Malyszco J, Malyszco J S, Pawlak K, Mysliwiec M. Resistin, a new adipokine, is related to inflammation and renal function in kidney allograft recipients. Transplant Proc 2006;38:3434-6.

  31. Joss N, Staatz CE, Thomson AH, Jardine AG. Predictors of new onset diabetes after renal transplantation. Clin Transplant 2007;21:136-43.

  32. Backman MA. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus: The last 10 years with Tacrolimus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004;19(Suppl 6):S13-S16.

  33. Penfornis A. Immunosuppressive drug-induced diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2006; 32:539-46.

  34. Hoitsma AJ, Hilbrands LB. Relative risk of new-onset diabetes during the first year after renal transplantation in patients receiving tacrolimus or cyclosporine immunosuppression. Clin Transplant 2006;20:659-64.

  35. Deleuze S, Garrigue V, Delmas S, Chong G, Swarcz I, Cristol JP. New onset dyslipidemia after renal transplantation: Is there a difference between tacrolimus and cyclosporine? Transplant Proc 2006;38:2311-3.

  36. Vincenti F, Friman S, Scheuermann E, Rostaing L, Jenssen T, Campistol JM. Results of an international, randomized trial comparing glucose metabolism disorders and outcome with cyclosporine versus tacrolimus. Am J Transplant 2007;42:123-7.

  37. Sharif A, Baboolal K. Complications associated with new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Nature Rev Nephrol 2012;8:34-42.

  38. Borroto G, Barceló M, Rodríguez H, Guerrero C. Aspectos clínicos en la evolución de la diabetes mellitus pos trasplante renal. Rev Cubana Med 2002; 41:146-51.

  39. Gómez-Alamillo C, Alonso Hernández A, Bayés Genís B, Cofán Pujol F, Crespo M, Delgado E; et al. Tratamiento de la Diabetes mellitus posterior al trasplante. Consenso Prometeo. Nefrologia Sup Ext 2010;1:21-43.

  40. Cosio FG, Kudva Y, van der Velde M, Larson TS, Textor SC, Griffin MD, Stegall MD. New onset hyperglycemia and diabetes are associated with increased cardiovascular risk after kidney transplantation. Kidney Int 2005;67:2415-21.

  41. ADA American Diabetes Association. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for Diabetes. A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2008; 31 (Suppl 1):S61-S78.

  42. Sharif A, Moore R, Baboolal K. Influence of lifestyle modification in renal transplant recipients with postprandial hyperglycemia. Transplantation 2008;85:353-8.

  43. Robles NR, Alcázar R, González Albarrán O, Honorato J, Acha J, De Álvaro F; et al. Manejo práctico de antidiabéticos orales en pacientes con enfermedad renal. Nefrologia 2006;26: 538-58.

  44. Pietruck F, Kribben A, Van TN, Patschan D, Herget- Rosenthal S, Janssen O; et al. Rosiglitazone is a safe and effective treatment option of new-onset diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation. Transpl Int 2005;18: 483-6.

  45. Mannon RB. Therapeutic management of posttransplant Diabetes mellitus. Transplant Rev 2008;22:116-24.

  46. Lubowsky ND, Siegel R, Pittas AG. Management of glycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus and CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;50:865-79.

  47. Cattran DC, Steiner G, Wilson DR. Hyperlipidemia after renal transplantation: Natural history and pathophysiology Ann Intern Med 1999; 91:554-59.

  48. Pirsh J, D’Alessandro A, Sollinger H. Hyperlipidemia and transplantation: Etiologic factors and therapy. J Am Nephrol 1999;26:238-42.

  49. Jung K, Newmann R, Scholz D, Nugel E. Abnormalities in the composition of serum high density lipoprotein in renal recipients. Clin Nephrol 1998;17:191-4.

  50. Chueh SC, Kahan BD. Dyslipidemia in renal transplant recipients treated with a sirolimus, steroid and cyclosporine-based immunosuppressive regimen: Incidence, risk factors, progression, and prognosis. Transplantation 2003;76:375-82.

  51. Konrad T, Wilson MG, Curtis J. Lipids and lipoproteins after renal transplant. Transpl Proc 1996;28:5-9.

  52. D’Alessandro H. Hyperlipidemia and transplantation: Etiologic factors and therapy. J Am Nephrol 1997;21:238-42.

  53. Borroto DG, Barceló M, Cordero N, Soto J. Trasplante renal. Asociación entre dislipemia y insulinorresistencia. Rev Cubana Invest Biomed 2002;21: 155-60.

  54. Faensa A, Fuga G, Nardo B, Donati G, Cianciolo M P, Stefoni F. Metabolic syndrome after kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2007;39:1843-46.

  55. Cravedi P, Perico N, Remuzzi G. Non-immune interventions to protect kidney allografts in the long term. Kidney Int 2010;78(Suppl 119):S71-S75.

  56. Del Castillo D, Cruzado JM, Manel Diaz J; et al. The effects of hyperlipidaemia on graft and patient outcome in renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004;19(Suppl 3):67-71.

  57. Tsimihodimos V, Dounousi E, Siamopoulos KC. Dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease: An approach to pathogenesis and treatment. Am J Nephrol 2008;28:958-73.

  58. Wang Y, Chen X, Song Y, Caballero B. Association between obesity and kidney desease: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Kidney Int 2008;73:19-33.

  59. Navarro Díaz M, Serra A, López D, Granada M. Obesity, inflammation and kidney disease. Kidney Int 2008;76(S 111):S15-S18.

  60. Merion RM, Twork AM, Rosenberg L. Obesity and renal transplantation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991;172:367-71.

  61. Gill IS, Hodge EE, Novick AC. Impact of obesity on renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 1993;25:1047-52.

  62. Cofán F, Vela E, Clèries M; for the Catalan Renal Registry. Obesity in renal transplantation: Analysis of 2691 patients. Transp Proc 2005;37:3695-7.

  63. Borroto G Quintanilla M, Barceló M, Valdés L. Ganancia de peso, dismetabolia y función renal al año del trasplante renal. RCAN Rev Cubana Aliment Nutr 2012;22:186-202.

  64. Gore JL, Pham PT, Danovitch GM, Wilkinson AH, Rosenthal JT, Lipshutz GS, Singer JS. Obesity and outcome following renal transplantation. Am J Transplant 2006;6:357-63.

  65. Jezior D, Krajewska M, Madziarska K, Kurc-Darak B, Jańczak D, Patrzałek D, Borysławski K, Klinger M. Post-transplant overweight and obesity: Myth or reality? Transplant Proc 2007; 39:2772-5.

  66. Díaz JM, Sainz Z, Oliver A, Guirado LI, Facundo C, García Maset R, Solà R. Post-renal transplantation weight gain: Its causes and its consequences. Transplant Proc 2005;37:3839-41.

  67. Carrero JJ, Brodin L, Lindholm B. Adiponectin in chronic kidney disease: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Kidney Int 2009; 75:120-1.

  68. Praga M. Papel de la obesidad en la progresión del daño renal. Nefrología 2004;26:55-8.

  69. Kent PS. Issues of obesity in kidney transplantation. J Ren Nutr 2007;17: 107-13.

  70. Barceló M, Borroto G, Rodríguez H. Insulinorresistencia: Correlación con la distirbución de la grasa en el obeso. Rev Cubana Invest Biomed 2002;21:228-34.

  71. Borroto G, Quintanilla M, Barceló M, Cabrera L. Grasa visceral, ganancia de peso, injerto renal e insulinorresistencia al año del trasplante. RCAN Rev Cubana Aliment Nutr 2013;23:45-53.

  72. Patel MG. The effect of dietary intervention on weight gains after renal transplantation. J Ren Nutr 1998;8: 137-41.

  73. Jezior D, Krajewska M, Madziarska K. Weight reduction in renal transplant recipients program: The first successes. Transplant Proc 2007;39:2769-71.

  74. Courtney AE, O’Rourke DM, Maxwell AP. Rapidly progressive renal failure associated with successful pharmaco-therapy for obesity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007;22:621-3.

  75. Colman E, Fossler M. Reduction in blood cyclosporine concentrations by Orlistat. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1141-2.

  76. Sally E, Robson M, Hayley W; et al. Drug interaction in a renal transplant patient: Cyclosporin-Neoral and Orlistat. Am J Kidney Dis 2003;41:493-6.

  77. Clerbaux G, Goffin E, Pirson Y. Interaction between sibutramine and cyclosporine. Am J Transpl 2003;3:906.

  78. Buch KE, El-Sabrout R, Butt KM. Complications of laparosopic gastric banding in renal transplant recipients: A case study. Transplant Proc 2006;38: 3109-11.

  79. Alexander JW, Goodman HR, Gersin K. Gastric bypass in morbidly obese patients with chronic renal failure and kidney transplant. Transplantation 2004; 78:469-74.

  80. Ruan X, Guan Y. Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. J Diabetes 2009;1:236-45.

  81. Fliser D, Pacini G, Engelleiter R, et al. Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are already present in patients with renal transplant. Kidney Int 1998;53:1343-7.

  82. Borroto Díaz G. Síndrome de resistencia a la insulina después del trasplante renal. Rev Cubana Med 2010;49:242-54.

  83. Hevener AL, Febbraio MA; for the Stock Conference Working Group. The 2009 Stock Conference Report: Inflammation, obesity and metabolic disease. Obes Rev 2010;11:635-44.

  84. Qiao Q, Gao W, Zhang L. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2007;44:232-63.

  85. Eschweg E, Balkao B. Metabolic syndrome o insulin resistance syndrome. Recent epidemiological data. Ann Endocrinol 2003;64(Suppl 3):S32-S36.

  86. Ibars E, Borroto G, Guerrero C, Barceló M. Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo del síndrome de resistencia a la insulina en el trasplante renal. Rev Cubana Med 2012;51:3-14.

  87. Pasquali R, Vicennati V. Steroids and the metabolic syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008;45:345-9.

  88. Limmerman T. Contribution of insulin resistance to catabolic effect of prednisone on leucine metabolism in humans. Diabetes 1998;38:1238.

  89. Midtvedt K, Hjelmesaeth J, Hartmann A, Lund K, Paulsen D, Egeland T. Insulin resistance after renal transplantation: The effect of steroid dose reduction and withdrawal. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15: 3233-9.

  90. Sato T, Inagaki A, Uchida K, Ueki T, Goto N, Matsuoka S. Diabetes mellitus after transplant: Relationship to pretransplant glucose metabolism and tacrolimus or cyclosporine A-based therapy. Transplantation 2003;76: 1320-6.

  91. Romagnoli J, Cittero F, Nanni G, Favi V, Tandolo G. Incidence of posttransplant Diabetes Mellitus in kidney transplant recipients immunosuppressed with sirolimus in combination with cyclosporine. Transplant Proc 2006;38: 1034-6.

  92. Oterdoom LH, de Vries AP, Ganservoort RT, van Son WJ, van der Heide JJH, Ploeg RJ; et al. Determinants of insulin resistance in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2007;83: 29-35.

  93. Borroto G, Barcelo M, Guerrero C, Alonso C. Insulinorresistencia en el trasplante renal. Rev Cubana Invest Biomed 2002;21:241-7.

  94. Porrini E, Delgado P, Bigo C, Alvarez A, Cobo M, Checa MD, Hortal L, Fernández A. Impact of metabolic síndrome on graft function and survival after cadaveric renal transplantation. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;48:134-42.

  95. De Vries AP, Bakker ST, Van Son WJ, Van der Heide. Metabolic Syndrome is associated with impired long-term renal allograft function; not all criteria contribute equally. Am J Transplant 2004;4:1675-83.

  96. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome. An American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. Executive summary. Circulation 2005;4: 213-26.

  97. Ochoa C, Muñoz G, Orozco Preciado MA, Mendoza Ceballos ML. Tratamiento del síndrome metabólico. En: La importancia del tratamiento integral del Síndrome metabólico en la prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares. RCAN Rev Cubana Aliment Nutr 2012;22(1 Supl 2):S41-S51.

  98. Goicoechea M, García de Vinuesa S, Arroyo D, Luño J. Hiperuricemia, gota y enfermedad renal crónica. Nefrología Sup Ext 2012;3:8-15.

  99. Haririan A, Nogueira JM, Zandi-Nejad K, Aiyer R, Hurley H, Cooper M; et al. The independent association between serum uric acid and graft outcomes after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 2010;89:573-9.

  100. Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Elsayed EF, Griffith JL, Salem DN, Levey AS; et al. Uric acid and incident kidney disease in the community. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;19:1204-11.

  101. Chonchol M, Shlipak MG, Katz R, Sarnak MJ, Newman AB, Siscovick DS, et al. Relationship of uric acid with progression of kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;50:239-47.

  102. Madero M, Sarnak MJ, Wang X, Greene T, Beck GJ, Kusek JW; et al. Uric acid and long-term outcomes in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;53: 796-803.

  103. Siu YP, Leung KT, Tong MK, Kwan TH. Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid level. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;47:51-9.

  104. Luño J. Goicoechea M, García de Vinuesa S. Introducción: Avances en el tratamiento de la gota. Nefrologia Sup Ext 2012;3:1-7.

  105. Becker MA, Schumacher HR, MacDonald PA, Lloyd L, Lademacher C. Clinical efficacy and safety of successful long term urate lowering with febuxostat or allopurinol in subjects with gout. J Rheumatol 2009;36:1273-82.

  106. Hani M. Wadeia P, Stephen C. Hypertension in the kidney transplant recipient. Transpl Rev 2010;24:105-20.

  107. Ponticelli C, Cucchiari D, Graziani G. Hypertension in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Int 2011;24: 523-33.

  108. Kabakci G, Koylan N, Kozan O. Evaluation of the metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients. J Cardiometab Syndrome 2007;2:168-73.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com