2014, Number 1
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RCAN 2014; 24 (1)
Determinants of childhood malnutrition in the county of Camagüey
Orozco RS, Morales MM, Rodríguez GA
Language: Spanish
References: 40
Page: 76-87
PDF size: 289.12 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Rationale: Sixty-seven cases of malnutrition were identified among children aged between 0 – 5 years during 2011 after a survey completed in the province of Camagüey, resulting in a province prevalence rate of 0.5%. Selected determinants of nutritional status of the malnourished child were examined, in anticipation for drafting health policies at the community level.
Material and method: Fathers and families of malnourished children living in 3 health areas of the county of Camagüey (which contains the province´s capital city of the same name) were surveyed in order to record civil and occupational status of the child´s mother, family incomes, quality of perinatal care, adherence to exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of extrauterine life, and the status of complementary feeding.
Results: Fifty-five malnourished children were identified among 3,448 ones living in the 3 surveyed health areas. This figure represented 1.6% of children with ages between 0 – 5 years living in the health areas selected for the study, and 0.6% of those in the county of Camagüey. Low birthweight affected 29.0% of them. Fifty-two point seven of the children presented with acute illnesses. Mothers with ages between 20 – 35 years prevailed. One-fifth of the mothers was unmarried. Third-part of the mothers was unemployed, and occupied with home chores and caring of the family without receiving any income. A per capita family income ‹ 200.00 CUP was found in a quarter of the surveyed households. Fourteen-point-five percent of the mothers referred toxic habits. A tenth of the mothers was assisted for psychiatric disorders. Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of extrauterine life was followed by just 43.6% of the mothers. Complementary feeding was deemed “Inadequate” in 36.4% of the children.
Conclusions: There demographic and cultural determinants of malnutrition in children with ages ‹ 5 years living in the county of Camagüey. The condition of the mother as a teen-ager, along with reduced family incomes and the presence of toxic habits, might create an environment unfavourable for the child´s nutritional recovery. It is urgently required the adoption of policies at the community level for nutritional recovery of malnourished children, and thus, for preventing the onset of chronic illnesses in adult years, and realization of their genetic potential for growth and development.
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