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2012, Number 2

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Rev Cub Gen 2012; 6 (2)

Biological and conductual markers in dyslexia

Ramírez BY

Language: Spanish
References: 81
Page: 9-20
PDF size: 594.87 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Dyslexia is a chronic disease that affects the reading abilities of the subject in spite of a good educational orientation and an adequate intelligence quotient. Genetic, neurophysiologic and neuroimage evidences provide possible biologic markers. The latest studies point out the main genes related to this disease to be the FOXP2 one, related with the activation of brain regions devoted of reading and language, and genes DYX1C1, DCDC2 and KIAA0319, related to the neural development of brain reading regions. The main cognitive markers of the disorder are low phonologic processing and a limited recognition visual patterns of letters and orthography, although in Spanish-speaking children lexical strategy might be the main deficit. The brain regions of the posterior reading system are considered to be critical in order to identify dyslexia, while the dorsal system is also considered critical referring to phonologic processing, while the ventral one responds for the expert visual recognition of letter patterns and orthography. The heterogeneity of both phenotype and genotype allows present genetics to identify the neurobiological susceptibility of dyslexia, but not its diagnosis. In the present article, the efforts of the neuroscientific community in order to identify biologic and conductual markers identifying dyslexia are dealt with.


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