medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-3186 (Electronic)

2009, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Rev Acta Médica 2009; 12 (1)

Practical management of type 2 diabetes mellitus hyperglycemia

Buchaca FEF, Rodríguez AL

Language: Spanish
References: 47
Page:
PDF size: 228.19 Kb.


ABSTRACT

In this revision matter are exposed the main diagnostic criteria of carbohydrates metabolism disorders from the prediabetes status. Authors insisted on glycemia self-monitoring measures as a tool contributing to treatment according to objectives and the glycemia average equivalences are showed with glycosylated hemoglobin. A brief updating of different antihyperglycemia drugs groups with some notes on its main action mechanism, indications and adverse effects is included. A highlighted feature is recommendation for a combined treatment with oral drugs and insulin. Finally, we suggested a therapeutical decisions algorithm according to glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin levels following the expert group recommendations, emphasizing the appropriate use of insulin in persons presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the individual approach.


REFERENCES

  1. International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes Atlas. http://www.eatlas.idf.org(accessed 12 October 2008. Disponible en:)

  2. Díaz Díaz O. La epidemiología de la diabetes en Cuba. Disponible en: http://www.sld.cu/galerias/pdf/sitios/diabetes/epidemiologia_de_la_diabetes_en_c uba.pdf

  3. American Diabetes Association. Standars of Medical Care-2009. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(Suppl 1):S13-61.

  4. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group: The effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. N Eng J Med. 1993; 329:978-86.

  5. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998; 352:837-53.

  6. American Diabetes Association: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2008 (Position Statement). Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(Suppl.1):S12-S54.

  7. Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Heine RJ: Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31:1473-78.

  8. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy: the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342:381-9.

  9. Martin CL, Albers J, Herman WH, Cleary P, Waberski B, Greene DA, et al. Neuropathy among the diabetes control and complications trial cohort 8 years after trial completion. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29:340-4.

  10. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA, Matthews DR, Neil HA: 10-Year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359:1577-89.

  11. Nathan D. Finding new treatment for diabetes-How many, how fast…how good?N Eng J Med. 2007; 356:437-40.

  12. Gerich J, Raskin P, Jean-Louis L, Purkayastha D, Baronl MA. PRESERVE-beta: two year efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with nateglinide or glyburide plus metformin. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28:2093-9.

  13. Rachman J, Payne M, Levy J, Barrow B, Holman R, Turner R: Changes in amylin and amylin-peptide concentrations and function in response to sulfonylurea or insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21:810-6.

  14. Maedler K, Carr R, Bosco D, Zuellig R, Berney T, Donath M: Sulfonylurea induced beta-cell apoptosis in cultured human islets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90:501-6.

  15. Lebovitz HE. In: Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus. 1994. p. 508-29.

  16. Kahn SE, Haffner SM, Heise MA, Herman WH, Holman RR, Jones NP, et al. ADOPT Study Group: Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355:2427-43.

  17. Moses R, Slobodniuk R, Boyages S, Colagiuri S, Kidson W, Carter J, et al. Effect of repaglinide addition to metformin monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22(1):119-24.

  18. Horton ES, Clinkingbeard C, Gatlin M, Foley J, Mallows S, Shen S. Nateglinide alone and in combination with metformin improves glycemic control by reducing mealtime glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23(11):1660-65.

  19. Chiasson JL, Josse RG, Hunt JA, Palmason C, Rodger NW, Ross SA, et al. The Efficacy of Acarbose in the Treatment of Patients with Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicenter Controlled Clinical Trial. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:928-35.

  20. DeFronzo RA, Goodman M. Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:541-9.

  21. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complication in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998; 352:854-65.

  22. Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD: Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2007; 298:1189-95.

  23. Hollander P, Levy P, Fineman MS, Maggs DG, Shen LZ, Strobelet SA, et al. Pramlintide as an Adjunct to Insulin Therapy Improves Long-Term Glycemic and Weight Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes, A 1-year randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26(3):784-90.

  24. Nauck MA, Trautman M, Brodows R, Johns E, Northrup J, Kim D. A comparison of twice-daily exenatide and biphasic insulin aspart in patients with type 2 diabetes who were suboptimally controlled with sulphonylurea and metformin: a non-inferiority study. Diabetologia. 2007; 50:259-67.

  25. Aschner P, Kipnes MS, Lunceford JK, Sanchez M, Mickel C, Williams-Herman DE. for the Sitagliptin Study 021 Group. Effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29(12):2632-37.

  26. Zammitt N, Frier B. Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes.Pathophysiology, frequency, and effects of different treatment modalities. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28:2948-61.

  27. Johnson JL, Wolf SL, Kabadi UM: Efficacy of insulin and sulfonylurea combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 1996; 156:259-64.

  28. Yki-Jarvinen H: Combination therapies with insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24:758-67.

  29. Massi Benedetti M, Orsini Federici M. Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes with Combined Therapy What are the pros and cons? Diabetes Care. 2008; 31 (Suppl. 2):S131-35.

  30. Henry RR, Gumbiner B, Ditzler T, Wallace P, Lyon R, Glauber HS: Intensive conventional insulin therapy for type II diabetes: metabolic effects during a 6-mo outpatient trial. Diabetes Care. 1993; 16:21-31.

  31. Holman RR. Long term efficacy of sulfonylureas: A United Kingdom Prospective Study perspective. Metab Clin Exp. 2006; 55(Suppl 1):S2-S5.

  32. Turner RC.UKPDS 49. JAMA. 1999; 281:2005-12.

  33. Standl E, Schnello O. Insulin as a first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes. Should the use of sulfonylureas be halted? Diabetes Care. 2008; 31 (Suppl 2):136-9.

  34. Riddle MC. Combined therapy with insulin plus oral agents: Is there any advantage? An argument in favor. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31 (Suppl 2):S125-130.

  35. Garber AF: Efficacy of metformin in type II diabetes: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response trial. Am J Med. 1997; 102:491-7.

  36. Goldberg RB, et al. The Glimepiride Protocol #201 Study Group: A dose-response study of glimepiride in patients with NIDDM who have previously received sulfonylurea agents. Diabetes Care. 1996; 19:849-56.

  37. Guías ALAD de diagnóstico, control y tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Rev. Asoc. Latinoamericana Diabetes. 2006; 1-70

  38. Nathan D, Buse J, Davidson B, Heine R, Holman R, Sherwin R: Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy. Diabetes Care. 2006; 29:1963-72.

  39. Shaw JS, Wilmot RL, Kilpatrick ES: Establishing pragmatic estimated GFR thresholds to guide metformin prescribing. Diabet Med. 2007; 24:1160-63.

  40. Furlong NJ, Hulme SA, O'Brien SV and Hardy KJ. Repaglinide Versus Metformin in Combination With Bedtime NPH Insulin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Established on Insulin/Metformin Combination Therapy. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25:1685-90.

  41. Strowig SM, Avilés-Santa ML, Raskin P. Comparison of Insulin Monotherapy and Combination Therapy With Insulin and Metformin or Insulin and Troglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25:1691-8.

  42. Robinson AC, Burke J, Robinson S, Johnston DG, Elkeles RS: The effects of metformin on glycemic control and serum lipids in insulin-treated NIDDM patients with suboptimal metabolic control. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21:701-5.

  43. Buchaca E, Fanghanel G, Sánchez L. «Tratamiento combinado de Insulina y Sulfonilureas en la falla secundaria a Hipoglucemiantes orales». Revista Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes. 1995, 3(2):137.

  44. Nathan D, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Ferrannini E, Holman RR, Sherwin R, et al. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy. A Consensus Statement of the American Diabetes Associations and European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32:193-203.

  45. AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force. Endocr Pract. 2007;13(Suppl 1):19.

  46. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group: Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358:2545-59.

  47. The ADVANCE Collaborative Group: Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358:2560-72.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com