Ortega FCC, Jiménez SS, Romo MJ, Arriaga DJJ

Language: Spanish
References: 16
Page: 6-12
PDF size: 223.18 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Background. Nosocomial infections (NI) are a public health problem worldwide and monitoring requires constant alertness of health.
Materials and Methods. Prevalence study of NI was performed in a tertiary care Pediatric Hospital. We included patients with hospital stay longer than 48 hours. It was the collection of clinical data, exposure to risk factors and microbiological report. Risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression, whereas quantitative variables with mean difference.
Results. 172 patients met the inclusion criteria. Nosocomial infections prevalence were 11.6% and 9.9% infected patients. Most affected areas were intensive care units (neonatal and pediatric). From the total of NI, 30% correspond to bacteremia , 25% lower respiratory tract infection, 20% urinary tract infection, 5% surgical wound infection, 5% infection related to vascular line and 15% other infections. The isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumani. The principal risk factors were exposure to invasive procedures OR = 1.4 (95% CI = 1.1-1.8), surgical procedure OR = 3.2 (95% CI = 1.1-9.4) and mechanical ventilation OR = 14.1 (1.2-162) ; in all the cases p ‹ 0.05.
Conclusion. The present study shows a prevalence of nosocomial infections with a very similar behavior as reported.

REFERENCES

1. Sanchez-Paya J, Bischofberger C, Lizan M, Lozano J, Munoz Platon E, Navarro J, Paz J, Vicente JA. “Nosocomial infection surveillance and control: current situation in Spanish hospitals”. J Hosp Infect 2009; 72:50–56.

2. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Prevención de las infecciones nosocomiales: Guía práctica. 2ª edición. WHO/CDS/CSR/EPH/2002.

3. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Coordinación de vigilancia epidemiológica. Prevención y control de las infecciones nosocomiales. Breviario para la vigilancia epidemiológica 2012.

4. French GL, Cheng AF, Wong SL, Donnan S. “Repeated prevalence surveys for monitoring effectiveness of hospital infection control”. Lancet 1989, 2:1021–1023.

5. México, Secretaría de Salud. Dirección General de Epidemiología. Manual de procedimientos estandarizados para la vigilancia epidemiológica hospitalaria (RHoVE). 2012.

6. Garner JS, Jarvis WR,Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. “CDC definitions for nosocomial infections”. Am J Infect Control 1988, 16:128–140.

7. Navoa-Ng JA BR, Berba R, Galapia YA, Rosenthal VD, Villanueva VD, Tolentino MCV, Genuino GA, Consunji RJ, Mantaring JB 3rd. “Device associated infections rates in adult, pediatric, and neonatal intensive care units of hospitals in the Philippines. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings”. Am J Infect Control 2011; 39:548–554.

8. Datta PRH, Chauhan R, Gombar S, Chander J. “Device- associated nosocomial infection in the intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in northern India”. J Hosp Infect 2010; 76:177–189.

9. México. Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-045-SSA2-2005. Para la vigilancia epidemiológica, prevención y control de infecciones nosocomiales.

10. Hernández M, Garrido F, López S. “Diseño de estudios epidemiológicos”. Salud Pública Méx. 2000; 42(2):144-154.

11. Londoño F. Metodología de la investigación epidemiológica. 3a ed. Bogotá: Editorial El Manual Moderno; 2004.

12. Izquierdo-Cubas F, Zambrano A, Frometa I, Gutiérrez A, Bastanzuri M, Guanche H, Rodríguez D. “National Prevalence of Nosocomial Infections”. Cuba 2004. J Hosp Infect 2008, 68:234–240.

13. Razine R, Azzouzi A, Barkat A, Khoudri I, Hassouni F, Chefchaouni AC, Abouqal R “Prevalence of hospital-acquired infections in the university medical center of Rabat, Morocco”. Int Arch Med 2012; 5:26.

14. Celis AJ. Bioestadística. 2a ed. México: El Manual Moderno, 2008.

15. Talavera J, Rivas R. “Investigación clínica IV. Pertinencia de la prueba estadística seleccionada”. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2011; 49(4):401-405.

16. Sax G, Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Herrault P, Pittet D. “Variation in nosocomial infection prevalence according to patient care settings: a hospital wide survey”. J Hosp Infect 2001; 48:27-31.