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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2014, Number 3

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Med Int Mex 2014; 30 (3)

Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress as Mechanism of Hepatocyte Damage Produced by Ethanol Metabolism

Hernández-Rodríguez S, Gutiérrez-Salinas J, García-Ortíz L, Mondragón-Terán P, Ramírez-García S, Núñez-Ramos NR

Language: Spanish
References: 56
Page: 295-308
PDF size: 534.45 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Free radicals derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are highly reactive molecules, which usually reacts with cell macromolecules producing irreversible cell damage. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde within hepatocytes through three main systems: a) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enzymatic reaction carried out in the cytosol; b) by cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) within endoplasmic reticulum, and c) by catalase enzyme within the peroxisomes. Acetaldehyde is oxidized in the mitochondria by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) producing acetate. The metabolic sub-products derived from ethanol oxidation include an alteration of the redox balance; both at cytoplasm and mitochondria level, thus generating a high ROS and RNS production mainly at mitochondria’s electron transport chain (or respiratory chain). ROS and RNS over-production can lead to oxidative/nitrosative stress with a high potential to damage macromolecular cell components inducing cell death through the activation of apoptosis mechanism.


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