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Órgano oficial de difusión de los Hospitales Regionales de Alta Especialidad (HRAE)

2014, Number 1

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Evid Med Invest Salud 2014; 7 (1)

Diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. Epidemiological study of the first year of the Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca

Cordero-Hernández A, Pinto-Almazán R

Language: Spanish
References: 38
Page: 10-18
PDF size: 336.88 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and degenerative disease occurring when pancreas cells do not produce enough insulin or when the insulin that is produced is not properly used. There are three types of diabetes mellitus: diabetes mellitus type 1, diabetes mellitus type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. Objective: To know the prevalence and the profile of the patients with all the types of diabetes mellitus and their complications during the first year of operation of the outpatient clinic. Material and methods: An observational and retrospective study was performed. In this work, in the first year –from May 2012 to April 2013– the different characteristics of the patients with diabetes mellitus were analyzed. The type of diabetes mellitus, body mass index, age, gender, drugs used and complications were studied. Results: 118 patients were recorded, 11 cases had diabetes mellitus type 1 (10.36%), while 106 had diabetes mellitus type 2 (89.3%), a single case with gestational diabetes mellitus was found (0.84%); 59.32% were female and 40.68% were male. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high: 31% and 32%, respectively. The majority of the patients (83%) declared to be in medical treatment, 48.48% used more than one drug to control their disease. The drugs most used were metformin alone (20.5%), metformin combined with glibenclamide (30.6%), metformin combined with insulin (23.5%), metformin combined with other drugs (8.2%), glibenclamide alone (6.12%), glibenclamide combined with other drugs (7.1%), insulin alone (12.2%), and insulin combined with other drugs (5.1%). The most common complications seen in both groups were cardiovascular (77.9%); the combination of diabetes mellitus associated with systemic hypertension was high (60%), followed with neurological affections (36.44%), renal and visual affections (25.42%) and finally, diabetic foot (5.93%). Conclusions: In the first year of operation of the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, we observed that diabetes mellitus is common. Overweight and obesity occurred in more than 30% of the patients with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovascular, renal and diabetic foot complications were more frequent than previously reported. It is necessary to produce local campaigns to prevent overweight, obesity, diabetes mellitus and their complications.


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