medigraphic.com
ISSN 0016-3813 (Print)

2014, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Gac Med Mex 2014; 150 (1)

Lyme disease: an update

García MME, Skinner TC, Salas AJC, Ocampo CJ

Language: Spanish
References: 51
Page: 84-95
PDF size: 325.50 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Lyme disease is an emerging infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is the most common vector-borne disease in the USA and Europe, and it is transmitted to humans through the bite of ticks of the genus Ixodes. Its animal reservoirs are the white-tailed deer, the white-footed mouse, and other small mammals. It is considered the new “great imitator”, with its diagnosis being a major challenge. Traditionally it is divided into four stages, early localized disease, early disseminated, late disease, and the post-Lyme syndrome. Clinical manifestations may be both cutaneous and systemic, and can have cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal involvement. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings and can be confirmed by serologic studies (ELISA and Western Blot). The best preventive method is to avoid exposure to vectors. The aim of treatment with antibiotics (doxycycline and cephalosporins) is to relieve symptoms and prevent sequelae.


REFERENCES

  1. Barbour AG. The Biological and Social Phenomenon of Lyme Disease. Science. 1993;260:1610-6.

  2. Steere AC. The emergence of Lyme disease. J Clin Invest. 2004;113: 1093-101.

  3. Duray PH. Clinical pathologic correlations of Lyme disease. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11 Suppl 6:S1487-93.

  4. Bhate C, Schwartz RA. Lyme disease Part I. Advances and perspectives. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(4):619-36.

  5. Steere AC. Lyme borreliosis in 2005, 30 years after initial observations in Lyme Connecticut. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2006;118:625-33.

  6. Marques A. Lyme Disease: An Update. Curr Allergy Asthm R. 2001;1: 541-9.

  7. Steere AC, Malawista SE, Hardin JA, Rudoy S, Askenase PW, Andiman WA. Erythema Chronicum Migrans and Lyme Arthritis The Enlarging Clinical Spectrum. Ann Intern Med. 1977;86:685-98.

  8. Burgdorfer W. Discovery of the Lyme Disease Spirochete and Its Relation to Tick Vectors. Yale J Biol Med. 1984;57:515-20.

  9. Andriole VT. Lyme Disease and Other Spirochetal Diseases Introduction. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11 Suppl 6:1433-4.

  10. Rath PM, Ibershoff B, Mohnhaupt A, Albig J. Seroprevalence of Lyme Borreliosis in Forestry Workers from Brandenburg, Germany. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996;15:372-7.

  11. Fahrer H, Van der LSM, Sauvain MJ, Gern L, Zhioua E, Aeschliman A. The prevalence and incidence of clinical and asymptomatic Lyme borreliosis in a population at risk. J Infect Dis. 1991;163:305-10. M.E. García Meléndez, et al.: Enfermedad de Lyme 95

  12. Brisson D, Vandermause MF, Meece JK, Reed KD, Dykhuizen DE. Evolution of Northeastern and Midwestern Borrelia burgdorferi, United States. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010;16(6):911-7.

  13. Bacon RM, Kugeler KJ, Griffith KS, Mead PS. Lyme Disease United States 2003-2005. CDC MMWR Weekly. 2007;56(23):573-6.

  14. Hall-Baker PA, Groseclose SL, Jajosky RA, et al. Summary of Notifiable Diseases United States 2009: Lyme Disease. CDC MMWR Weekly. 2011;58(53):14.

  15. Gordillo-Pérez MG, Solórzano-Santos F. Enfermedad de Lyme. Experiencia en niños mexicanos. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2010;67:164-76.

  16. Vargas M, Gordillo-Pérez MG, Solórzano SF. Evidencias de Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto en garrapatas del Noreste de México. Entomología Mexicana. 2007;6(2):830-5.

  17. Krupka M, Raska M, Belakova J, Horynova M, Novotny R, Weigl E. Biological Aspects of Lyme Disease Spirochetes: Unique bacteria of the Borrelia Burgdorferi Species group. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2007;151(2):175-86.

  18. Gordillo-Pérez MG, Solórzano F, Velazquez E, Estrada G, Muñoz Onofre, Torres J. Caracterización molecular de Borrelia burgdorferi adquirida en la República Mexicana y la respuesta inmune a antígenos de diferentes especies de Borrelia en pacientes con borreliosis de Lyme. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología. 2003;23(3):67.

  19. Motaleb MA, Corum L, Bono JL, et al. Borrelia burgdorferi periplasmic flagella have both skeletal and motility functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2000;97(20):10899-904.

  20. Agüero-Rosenfeld ME, Wang G, Schwartz I, Wormser GP. Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18(3):484-509.

  21. Fraser CM, Casjens S, Huang WM, et al. Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Nature. 1997;390:580-6.

  22. Margos G, Vollmer SA, Ogden NH, Fish D. Population genetics, taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Infect Genet Evol. 2011;11(7):1545-63.

  23. Ostfeld RS, Keesing F. Biodiversity and Disease Risk: The case of Lyme Disease. Conservation Biology. 2000;14(03):722-8.

  24. Coumou J, van der Poll T, Speelman P, Hovius JWR. Tired of Lyme borreliosis. Neth J Med. 2011;69(3):101-11.

  25. Xu Q, McShan K, Liang FT. Modification of Borrelia burgdorferi to overproduce OspA or VlsE alters its infectious behavior. Microbiology. 2008;154(Pt 11):3420-9.

  26. Müllegger R, Glatz M. Skin Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis: Diagnosis and Management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2008;9(6):355-68.

  27. Steere AC. Medical Progress: Lyme Disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(2): 115-25.

  28. Nadelman RB, Nowakowski J, Forseter G, et al. Clinical spectrum of Early Lyme Borreliosis in Patients with Culture-confirmed Erythema Migrans. Am J Med. 1996;100:502-8.

  29. Toledo-Alberola F, Betlloch-Mas I. Eritemas anulares en la infancia: Revisión. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2010;101(6):473-84.

  30. Skinner-Taylor CM, Flores-Gonzalez MS, Colunga-Pedraza IJ, Salinas- Palacios CK, Garza-Elizondo MA. Enfermedad de Lyme: Artículo de Revisión. Medicina Universitaria. 2007;(9)34:24-32.

  31. Pfister H-W, Rupprecht TA. Clinical aspects of neuroborreliosis and post-Lyme disease syndrome in adult patients. Int J Med Microbiol. 2006;296 Suppl 40:11-6.

  32. Pinto DS. Cardiac Manifestations of Lyme Disease. Med Clin North Am. 2002;85(2):285-96.

  33. Marques A. Chronic Lyme Disease: A Review. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2008;22:341-60.

  34. Moguelet P. Histopathology of Lyme borreliosis. Médecine et maladies infectieuses. 2007;37:S189-93.

  35. Müllegger R. Dermatological Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis. Eur J Dermatol. 2004;14:296-309.

  36. Jeli´c S, Filipovi´c-Lje´skovi´c I. Positive serology for Lyme disease Borrelias in primary cutaneous B-cell Lymphoma: a study in 22 patients; is it a Fortuitous finding? Hematol Oncol. 1999;17:107-16.

  37. Cameron D, Gaito A, Harris N, Bach G, Burrascano J. The International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society: Evidence-based guidelines for the management of Lyme disease. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2004;2(1):1-13.

  38. Blaauw AAM, Schuwirth LWT, van der Vleuten CPM, de Rooij MJM, van der Linden S. Do General Practitioners Recognize Cases of Lyme Borreliosis in the Netherlands? Journal of Spirochetal Tickborne disease. 1994;3:68-73.

  39. Marangoni A, Moroni A, Accardo S, Cevenini R. Borrelia burgdorferi VlsE antigen for the serological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;27:349-54.

  40. Wilske B. Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: Review. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2003;3(4):215-27.

  41. Jaulhac B, Chary-Valckenaere I, Sibilia J, et al. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi by DNA amplification in synovial tissue samples from patients with Lyme arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39(5):736-45.

  42. Brettschneider S, Bruckbauer H, Klugbauer N, Hofmann H. Diagnostic Value of PCR for Detection of Borrelia Burgdorferi in Skin Biopsy and Urine Samples from Patients with Skin Borreliosis. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36(9):2658-65.

  43. Lebech AM, Hansen K, Brandrup F, Clemmensen O, Halkier-Sorensen L. Diagnostic Value of PCR for Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in Clinical Specimens from Patients with Erythema Migrans and Lyme Neuroborreliosis. Mol Diagn. 2000;5(2):139-50.

  44. Blaauw AAM, Rijpkema SGT, Kuiper H, Bijlsma JWJ. Lyme disease: who should be tested and treated, and how? Neth J Med. 1997;51:154-62.

  45. Bhate C, Schwartz RA. Lyme Disease Part II: Management and Prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;64(4):639-53.

  46. Masters EJ, Grigery CN, Masters RW. STARI, or Masters Disease: Lone StarTick-Vectored Lyme-like Illness. Infect Dis Clin N Am. 2008; 22:361-76.

  47. Nadelman RB, Nowakowski J, Fish D, et al. Prophylaxis with single dose doxycycline for the prevention of Lyme disease after an Ixodes scapularis tick bite. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(2):79-84.

  48. Lantos PM, Charini WA, Medoff G, et al. Final report of the Lyme disease review panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(1):1-5.

  49. Hunfeld KP, Brade V. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: what we know, what we don’t know, and what we need to know. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2006;118(21-22):659-68.

  50. Corapi KM, Gupta S, Liang MH. Management of Lyme disease: Expert Reviews. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2008;6(2):241-50.

  51. Klempner MS, Hu LT, Evans J, Schmid CH, Johnson GM, Trevino RP. Two controlled trials of antibiotic treatment in patients with persistent symptoms and a history of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(2): 85-92.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com