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2014, Número 1

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Gac Med Mex 2014; 150 (1)


Enfermedad de Lyme: actualizaciones

García MME, Skinner TC, Salas AJC, Ocampo CJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 51
Paginas: 84-95
Archivo PDF: 325.50 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad de Lyme es una infección emergente causada por la espiroqueta Borrelia burgdorferi. Es la enfermedad transmitida por vector más frecuente de EE.UU. y Europa. Se transmite al humano a través de la mordedura de garrapatas del género Ixodes. Sus reservorios animales son el venado cola blanca, el ratón de patas blancas y otros mamíferos pequeños. Actualmente es considerada la gran imitadora y su diagnóstico representa un gran reto. Clásicamente se divide en cuatro estadios: enfermedad temprana localizada, temprana diseminada, tardía y síndrome pos-Lyme. Las manifestaciones clínicas pueden ser tanto cutáneas como sistémicas, con afección cardiovascular, neurológica y musculoesquelética. El diagnóstico se basa en el cuadro clínico y puede ser confirmado mediante estudios de serología (ELISA y western blot). El mejor método de prevención primaria es evitar la exposición a vectores. El tratamiento con antibioticoterapia (doxicilina y cefalosporinas) tiene por objetivo aliviar los síntomas y prevenir las secuelas.


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