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Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología Pediátrica y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Pediatría

2013, Number 2

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Alerg Asma Inmunol Pediatr 2013; 22 (2)

Prevalence and risk factors associated with the development of asthma in children who attend to the allergy and immunology clinic of a pediatric hospital in the State of Hidalgo

García LFJ, Ortega MJA

Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 70-76
PDF size: 163.30 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background: Asthma is considered a public health problem whose prevalence has been increasing over the years, especially in developing countries such as Mexico. It is one of the main conditions of emergency room visits and is a frequent cause of mortality in preschool children. Being a multifactorial disease is necessary to know the risk factors associated with the development of asthma prevention.
Objectives: To determine the true prevalence and risk factors associated with the development of asthma in pediatric patients in a Pediatric Hospital at Hidalgo, México.
Material and methods: We performed an observational, retrospective and comparative cross sectional study with a sample of 253 individuals (95% confidence level and 5% sampling error), respondents to a survey of 31 reagents on personal and family characteristics, exposure to aeroallergens, care during pregnancy and postpartum, and the degree of urbanization and socioeconomic status of the family. Statistical analysis was carried out with measures of central tendency estimated percentages and OR.
Results: The actual prevalence is 37%, average onset of symptoms of 3.4 years and an average asthma diagnosis of 4.4 years. As main risk factors we found: personal and family history of atopy, prematurity, presence of siblings at home, exposure to molds, dust, plants and pets, breastfeeding less than 6 months, smoking during pregnancy, use of heating and a low socioeconomic status.
Conclusions: The actual prevalence of asthma in the state of Hidalgo is 37% but more studies are needed to confirm that sharp increase in recent years. The best knowledge of these risk factors is of key importance for both families and health sector with the purpose of preventing this disease promptly and thus reducing this increase in prevalence.


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