medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-3325 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz

2013, Number 5

<< Back Next >>

Salud Mental 2013; 36 (5)

Spanish version of the Psychosis Attachment Measure: adaptation process and psychometric properties

Sheinbaum T, Berry k, Barrantes-Vidal N

Language: Spanish
References: 43
Page: 403-409
PDF size: 260.99 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction:Attachment theory has recently been postulated as a useful framework for enhancing our understanding of the role of psychosocial and environmental factors in relation to the vulnerability, expression, and course of psychosis. In this paper we present the Spanish adaptation and psychometric properties of the Psychosis Attachment Measure
Method:In study 1, the PAM was adapted into Spanish following the translation/ back-translation procedure and was administered to 24 early psychosis patients to evaluate its intelligibility. In study 2, the psychometric properties of the scale were assessed in a sample of 235 university students. The students completed the PAM and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ) via an Internet website. (PAM), a 16-item self-report scale specifically designed to measure adult attachment in people with psychosis.
Results:Results from study 1 demonstrated that the Spanish version of the scale is semantically and conceptually equivalent to the original English version and that it is appropriate for use with people experiencing psychotic symptoms. Paralleling the findings from the English version of the instrument, results from study 2 indicated that two factors, conceptually representing anxiety and avoidance, underlie the Spanish version of the PAM. The anxiety and avoidance subscales were found to have adequate levels of internal reliability and to be associated in a theoretically predicted fashion with the four prototypes of adult attachment measured with the RQ.
Discussion:The good psychometric properties exhibited by the instrument support its use for the assessment of adult attachment styles in the Spanish cultural context and allow for the comparability of findings across cultures. Having a Spanish instrument for assessing attachment in psychosis populations is a relevant contribution that opens up new avenues for research and clinical applications.


REFERENCES

  1. Pilgrim D, Rogers A, Bentall R. The centrality of personal relationships in the creation and amelioration of mental health problems: the current interdisciplinary case. Health (London) 2009;13(2):235-254.

  2. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. New York: 2nd Ed; Basic Books; 1982.

  3. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation. New York: Basic Books; 1973.

  4. Bowlby J. Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss. New York: Basic Books; 1980.

  5. Bentall RP, Fernyhough C. Social predictors of psychotic experiences: specificity and psychological mechanisms. Schizophr Bull 2008;34(6):1012-1020.

  6. Berry K, Barrowclough C, Wearden A. A review of the role of adult attachment style in psychosis: unexplored issues and questions for further research. Clin Psychol Rev 2007;27(4):458-475.

  7. MacBeth A, Gumley A, Schwannauer M, Fisher R. Attachment states of mind, mentalisation and their correlates in first-episode psychosis. Psychol Psychother 2011;84(1):42-57.

  8. Read J, Gumley A. Can attachment theory help explain the relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis? Attachment 2008;2:1- 35.

  9. Berry K, Barrowclough C, Wearden A. Attachment theory: a framework for understanding symptoms and interpersonal relationships in psychosis. Behav Res Ther 2008;46:1275-1282.

  10. Couture S, Lecomte T, Leclerc C. Personality characteristics and attachment in first episode psychosis: impact on social functioning. J Nerv Ment Dis 2007;195(8):631-639.

  11. Tait L, Birchwood M, Trower, P. Adapting to the challenge of psychosis: personal resilience and the use of sealing-over (avoidant) coping strategies. Br J Psychiatry 2004;185:410-415.

  12. Kvrgic S, Beck EM, Cavelti M, Kossowsky J et al. Focusing on the adult attachment style in schizophrenia in community mental health centres: validation of the Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM) in a German-speaking sample. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2012;58(4):362-373.

  13. Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. Attachment in adulthood: structure, dynamics, and change. New York: Guilford Press; 2007.

  14. Fraley RC, Shaver PR. Adult romantic attachment: theoretical developments, emerging controversies, and unanswered questions. Rev Gen Psychol 2000;4(2):132-154.

  15. Shaver PR, Mikulincer M. Attachment theory: I. Motivational, individual- differences, and structural aspects. In: Corr PJ, Matthews G (eds). The Cambridge handbook of personality psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2009; pp. 228-246.

  16. Brennan KA, Clark CL, Shaver PR. Self-report measurement of adult romantic attachment: an integrative overview. In: Simpson JA, Rholes WS (eds). Attachment theory and close relationships. New York: Guilford Press; 1998; pp. 46-76.

  17. Bartholomew K, Horowitz LM. Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. J Pers Soc Psychol 1991;61(2):226– 244.

  18. Mickelson KD, Kessler RC, Shaver PR. Adult attachment in a nationally representative sample. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997;73(5):1092−1106.

  19. Ponizovsky AM, Nechamkin Y, Rosca P. Attachment patterns are associated with symptomatology and course of schizophrenia in male inpatients. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2007;77(2):324-331.

  20. Berry K, Wearden A, Barrowclough C, Liversidge T. Attachment styles, interpersonal relationships and psychotic phenomena in a nonclinical student sample. Pers Individ Dif 2006;41:707-718.

  21. Main M, Goldwyn R. Predicting rejection of her infant from mother’s representation of her own experi¬ence: implications for the abused– abusing intergenerational cycle. Child Abuse Negl 1984;8(2):203-217.

  22. Dozier M, Stovall KC, Albus KE. Attachment and psychopathology in adulthood. In: Cassidy J, Shaver PR (eds). Handbook of attachment: theory, research, and clinical applications. New York: Guilford Press; 1999; pp. 497−519.

  23. Turton P, McGauley G, Marin-Avellan L, Hughes P. The adult attachment interview: rating and classification problems posed by non-normative samples. Attach Hum Dev 2001;3(3):284-303.

  24. Randolph ET. Social networks and schizophrenia. In: Mueser KT, Tarrier N (eds). Handbook of social func¬tioning in schizophrenia. Needham Heights: Allyn Bacon; 1998; pp. 238-246.

  25. Hooley JM. Social factors in schizophrenia. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 2010;19(4):238-242.

  26. Shaver PR, Mikulincer M, Alonso-Arbiol I, Lavy S. Assessment of adult attachment across cultures: conceptual and methodological considerations. In: Erdman P, Ng K-M (eds). Attachment: expanding the cultural connections. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis; 2010; pp. 89-108.

  27. International Test Commission. International Test Commission guidelines on adapting tests; 2010. Available at: http://www.intestcom. org/Guidelines/Adapting+Tests.php. Access date: February 12, 2012.

  28. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine 2000;25(24):3186-3191.

  29. Hambleton RK. Issues, designs, and technical guidelines for adapting tests into multiple languages and cultures. In: Hambleton RK, Merenda PF, Spielberger CD (eds). Adapting educational and psychological tests for cross-cultural assessment. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2005; pp. 3-38.

  30. Domínguez-Martínez T, Vainer E, Massanet MA, Torices I et al. The needadapted integrated treatment in Sant Pere Claver-Early Psychosis Program (SPC-EPP) in Barcelona, Spain. Salud Mental 2011;34(6):517-524.

  31. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition, text revised. Washington, DC; 2000.

  32. Yung AR, Yuen HP, McGorry PD, Phillips LJ et al. Mapping the onset of psychosis: the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2005;39(11-12):964-971.

  33. Schmitt DP, Alcalay L, Allensworth M, Allik J et al. Patterns and universals of adult romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions: Are models of self and of other pancultural constructs? J Cross Cult Psychol 2004;35(4):367-402.

  34. Bartholomew K. Avoidance of intimacy: an attachment perspective. J Soc Pers Relat 1990;7:147-178.

  35. Griffin DW, Bartholomew K. The metaphysics of measurement: the case of adult attachment. In: Bartholomew K, Perlman D (eds). Advances in personal relationships Vol. 5: Attachment processes in adulthood. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 1994; pp. 17–52.

  36. Ravitz P, Maunder R, Hunter J, Sthankiya B et al. Adult attachment measures: a 25-year review. J Psychosom Res 2010;69:419-432.

  37. Field A. Discovering statistics using SPSS. 3rd ed. London: Sage Publications; 2009.

  38. Berry K, Band R, Corcoran R, Barrowclough C et al. Attachment styles, earlier interpersonal relationships and schizotypy in a non-clinical sample. Psychol Psychother 2007;80:563–576.

  39. Addington J, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt B et al. North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study: a collaborative multisite approach to prodromal schizophrenia research. Schizophr Bull 2007;33(3):665-672.

  40. Klosterkötter J, Ruhrmann S, Schultze-Lutter F, Salokangas RK, Linszen D, Birchwood M et al. The European Prediction of Psychosis Study (EPOS): integrating early recognition and intervention in Europe. World Psychiatry 2005;4(3):161-167.

  41. Kwapil TR, Ros-Morente A, Silvia PJ, Barrantes-Vidal N. Factor invariance of psychometric schizotypy in Spanish and American samples. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2012;34:145-152.

  42. Domínguez-Martínez T, Blanqué JM, Codina J, Montoro M et al. Rationale and state of the art in early detection and intervention in psychosis. Salud Mental 2011;34(4):341-350.

  43. Reips U-D. Internet-based psychological experimenting: five dos and five don’ts. Soc Sci Comput Rev 2002;20(3):241-249.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com