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ISSN 0188-9796 (Print)

2013, Number 2

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2013; 21 (2)

Traditional and emerging concepts on energy balance

Chiquete E, Tolosa P

Language: Spanish
References: 54
Page: 59-68
PDF size: 247.74 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Energy balance is the difference between energetic intake and expenditure. The traditional scientific approach perceives it as a simple system in which its individual elements can be independently manipulated to attain either a positive or a negative energy balance and, consequently, weight gain or reduction. Recent studies reveal new participants involved in regulating the input and output of energy as well as additional mechanisms that can interconnect these factors; this shows that the energy balance is not a simple system. The growing concept with respect to energy balance recognizes a homeostatic property inherent to its regulation. The leptin system plays a key regulatory role. Through it, every time the intake or expenditure is modified, voluntarily or not, a battery of regulatory adjustments is implemented in order to limit the variation in energy reserves and adiposity. In modern society, the increasing availability of high-calorie foods and associated hedonic value pose new and added pressures on the neurohumoral control circuits. The environmental influence on the final result of the energy balance is evident in the exponential growth of the obesity epidemic in several populations. The cardiovascular and other health risks that are associated with obesity underscore the need to develop and implement interventions supported by an accurate and comprehensive knowledge of the physiology of energy balance.


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