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2013, Número 2

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2013; 21 (2)


Conceptos tradicionales y emergentes sobre el balance energético

Chiquete E, Tolosa P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 54
Paginas: 59-68
Archivo PDF: 247.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

El balance energético es la diferencia entre la ingesta y el gasto de energía. El enfoque científico tradicional lo percibe como un sistema simple en el cual los elementos individuales pueden ser manipulados de forma independiente para obtener un balance positivo o negativo y, consecuentemente, una ganancia o pérdida de peso. Estudios recientes revelan nuevos participantes involucrados en la regulación del ingreso y egreso de energía, así como los mecanismos adicionales que pueden interconectarlos, lo que demuestra que el balance energético no es simple en absoluto. El concepto creciente con respecto al balance energético reconoce una propiedad homeostática inherente a su regulación. El sistema de la leptina desempeña un papel regulatorio fundamental. A través de él, cada vez que la ingesta o el gasto sufren modificaciones, voluntarias o no, una batería de adaptaciones reguladoras es puesta en marcha con el propósito de limitar las variaciones en la reserva energética y la adiposidad. En la sociedad moderna la disponibilidad creciente de alimentos de alto contenido calórico y valor hedónico asociado imponen nuevas y añadidas presiones sobre los circuitos neurohumorales de control. La influencia del ambiente sobre el resultado final del balance energético se hace evidente en el crecimiento exponencial de la epidemia de obesidad en varias poblaciones. Los riesgos cardiovasculares y otros de salud que se asocian a la obesidad subrayan la necesidad de desarrollar e implementar intervenciones respaldadas por un conocimiento exacto e integral de la fisiología del balance energético.


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