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2013, Number 1

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Rev Endocrinol Nutr 2013; 21 (1)

Nutritional Genomics: Concepts and expectations

Martínez-López E, García-García MR, Campos-Pérez WY, González-Becerra K

Language: Spanish
References: 67
Page: 22-34
PDF size: 410.89 Kb.


ABSTRACT

In the last years, novel research has been launched to identify and understand which dietary components are biologically active and which of the components and drive the development of nutritional genomics. Nutritional genomics is the application of high throughput functional genomics technologies in nutrition research. The application of these technologies will provide knowledge and the usefulness of bioactive food components to design personalized diets for the prevention and management of several complex diseases. Nutritional genomics has two faces: nutrigenomics that studies how nutrients regulate gene expression, and nutrigenetics that studies how people respond to nutrients according their genetic conformation. Bioactive substances in food can affect expression of genes directly or indirectly. Nutrients may: 1) act as ligands for receptors of transcriptional factors, 2) be metabolized by primary or secondary metabolic pathways or 3) affecting signaling pathways. Epigenetics is a field of nutritional genomics that studies the heritable phenotype that result from changes in the chromatin without altering DNA sequence. The epigenetic mechanisms consist post-transciptional modifications of histones (acetylation and deacetylation), DNA methylations and ATP-dependent remodeling complexes. Epigenetic modifications can be provoked by dietary components. In conclusion, research in nutritional genomics will contribute in the development of personalized diets based on individual genotypes, also identifying molecular biomarkers, new bioactive food components and validating the effectiveness of functional food or nutraceuticals.


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