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Órgano Oficial de Difusión Científica de la Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Ortopedia y Traumatología, A.C. (FEMECOT)

2013, Number 3

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Ortho-tips 2013; 9 (3)

Is tuberculosis only a pulmonary disease?

González MJE

Language: Spanish
References: 35
Page: 163-176
PDF size: 375.45 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infecto-contagious disease. Its main producer microorganism is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is a world spreaded pathology and can affect any organ or body system. Lung affection is the most common form, but extrapulmonary tuberculosis has taken such an importance due to its cases increase. It was considered eradicated in first world countries, but in recent years it has reemerge largely due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the abandonment of prevention programs, immigration increase and social determinants health conditions. According to The World’s Health Organization, TB is the deadliest infectious disease in the world. Osteoarticular infection incidences are approximately 2% of the total cases, with tuberculous spondylodiscitis being the most common form, and the thoracolumbar segment the most affected. Paraplegia is the most severe complication of spinal tuberculosis, representing up to 30% of patients with infection in said body region. Miliary tuberculosis refers to two or more spots, not contiguous to the primary location; Generally present when the bacillus disseminates per hematogenous via towards greater oxygen and blood flow zones. The definitive diagnosis consists in the bacterial presence demonstration by microbiological, cytological or histopathological methods. All forms of tuberculosis can be cure with the existing medical treatment.


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