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2013, Number 3

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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2013; 29 (3)

Hyperviscosity syndrome in patients with multiple myeloma

Ramón RLG, Avila CO, Izquierdo CL, Espinosa EE, González PL, Quintero SY, Gutiérrez DA, Roque GW, Sarduy SS, Hernández PC

Language: Spanish
References: 41
Page:
PDF size: 158.75 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objectives: multiple myeloma is a disease of worldwide distribution. We determined frequency, characteristics and treatment of hyperviscosity syndrome as a complication of this condition.
Method: we conducted a retrospective study involving 31 patients with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma treated at the Adult Hematology Service of the Institute of Hematology and Immunology from January 2007 to June 2011.
Results: mean age was 61 years with a male predominance and slight predominance in caucasians. The patients presented with anemia, high erythrosedimentation rate, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, a median infiltration of bone marrow by plasma cells of 63.2% and an average serum viscosity of 2.93. Hyperviscosity syndrome was observed in 4 (12.9 %) patients. The main clinical manifestations of hyperviscosity syndrome were general symptoms and neurological symptoms and presented with serum viscosity at or above 4.5. The monoclonal protein identified as the responsible of the hyperviscosity syndrome was IgA and viscosity was proportional to the concentrations of the paraprotein (p ‹0.01).
Conclusion: the hyperviscosity syndrome is presented in the studied patients with similar characteristics to those reported by other authors. Plasmapheresis and chemotherapy were the mainstays of treatment with satisfactory results.


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