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2012, Number 3

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Rev Latinoam Psiquiatría 2012; 11 (3)

Actualidades en neurobiología de la depresión

Díaz VBA, González GC

Language: Spanish
References: 30
Page: 106-115
PDF size: 288.42 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Depression is a highly disabling psychiatric disorder. There are now multiple antidepressant treatments, however, not all patients respond to them. This has led to the search for processes that are involved in this disease. There is evidence implicating multiple pathophysiological aspects that influence this condition, suggesting that this is a heterogeneous disorder. There differences in the size of several brain structures like the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex and changes in the metabolism, the neuronal size and glial density. It has been widely known the involvement of monoamines, current research focuses on the metabolism and the role of the transports and their polymorphisms. There have also been implicated other neurotransmitters such GABA and glutamate, and its role in neuronal cytotoxicity. Another model is the explain how the interaction of genetic vulnerability and early stress affects the genesis of depression. It has been found the expression of BDNF that may contribute to the atrophy of brain structures in response to stress in depressed patients and how this factor in animal model produces antidepressant effects. Recently there has been the involvement of inflammation in depression, the protein of IFN-α, to produce depression and a strong association of pro-inflammatory cytokines with depression. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the MDT is useful to search for new effective therapeutic strategies.


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