medigraphic.com

2005, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Rev Mex Anest 2005; 28 (3)

Propofol yesterday and today

Muñoz-Cuevas JH, Cruz-Paz MA, Olivero-Vásquez YI

Language: Spanish
References: 60
Page: 148-158
PDF size: 95.18 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The pharmacokinetic profile of propofol has demonstrated that it is a useful drug to achieve an appropriate hypnosis according to the required procedure. The most common practice is administration by initial and subsequent boluses. However, continuous infusion is an good option, controlling a stable plasmatic level in order to keep a therapeutic range and optimizing the effect. This makes it possible to give a dose according to the time and procedure required, as well as achieving a rapid and smooth recovery while trying to minimize the undesirable effects associated to intravenous anesthetic drugs. Nevertheless, propofol requires adjuvant drugs (benzodiazepines, local anesthetics, opioids, neuromuscular relaxant agents, alpha-2 agonists and others) and, based on interactions between these, it offers a range of useful techniques in the anesthesiologist’s daily practice, suitable for the needs of each anesthetic event. Propofol is used as induction and base drug for anesthetic maintenance, intraoperative sedation, monitorized anesthetic care (MAC), sedation in the intensive care unit, procedures outside the operation room and ambulatory surgery.


REFERENCES

  1. Donati F. No substitute for the intravenous route. Anesthesiology 2001;94:1-2.

  2. Yaksh T. A drug has to do what a drug has to do. Anesth Analg 1999;89:1075-77.

  3. Kerssens CH. Awareness. Anaesthesiology 2003;99:570-5.

  4. Ghoneim M. Drugs and Human Memory (part 1). Anesthesiology 2004;100:987-1002.

  5. Biescas-Prat J. Análisis de la memoria implícita durante la hipnosis farmacológica con propofol. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2000;47:458-463.

  6. Logginidou H. Propofol supress the cortical somatosensory evokated potential in rats. Anesthesiology 2003;97:1784-1788.

  7. Bauillon T. Mixed-Effects modelling of the intrinsic ventilatory depressant potency of propofol in the non steady-state. Anesthesiology 2004;100:240-250.

  8. Wang M. Comparison of intracarotid and intravenous propofol for electrocerebral silence in rabbits. Anesthesiology 2003;99:904-910.

  9. Nagakawa T. The mechanism of propofol–mediated hyperpolarization of in situ rat mesenteric vascular smooth muscle. Anesth Analg 2003;97:1639-1645.

  10. Ya Deu J. Inhibition by propofol of intracellular calcium mobilization in cultured mouse pituitary cells. Anesth Analg 2003;97:1325-1330.

  11. Song H. The effect of propofol citotoxicity and apoptosis of hypopolysaccharide-treated mononuclear cells and lymphocytes. Anesth Analg 2004;98:1724-1728.

  12. Kurita T. Influence of fluid infusion associated with high-volume blood loss on plasma propofol concentrations Anesthesiology 2004;100:871-876.

  13. Davidowicz A. The role of human lungs in the biotransformation of propofol. Anesthesiology 2000;93:992-997.

  14. Conti G. Propofol induces bronchodilatation in mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Acta Anesthesiol Scan 1993;37:105-109.

  15. Mosth J. Long-term sedation with propofol and green decoloration of the liver. Eur J Anesthesiol 1994;11:499-502.

  16. De la Cruz JP. The effect of propofol on oxidative stress in platelets from surgical patients. Anesth Analg 1999;89:1050-1055.

  17. Murphy PG. The antioxidant potential of propofol (2-6 diisopropilfenol). Br J Anesth 1992; 68:613-618.

  18. Ostram PL. Is the antiemetic effect of the emulsion formulation of propofol due to lipid emulsion? Anesth Analg 1990;71:536-540.

  19. Siiah M. Epidural morphine induced pruritus: propofol versus naloxona. Anesth Analg 1994;78:1110-1113.

  20. Mazzanino A. Effects of propofol in patients of the status epilepticus of various origins: electroencephalographic analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 1994;64:A681-A685.

  21. Tung A. Recovery from sep deprivation occurs during propofol anestesia. Anesthesiology 2004;100:1419-1426.

  22. Meyers CJ. Comparison of the propofol and methohexital for deep sedation. J Oral Maxillofac Sur 1994;52:897.

  23. Ferrari A. Comparison of propofol, midazolam and methohexital for sedation during retrobulbar and peribulbar block. J Clin Anesth 1992;4:93-96.

  24. Mackenzie N. Propofol for intravenous sedation. Anaesth 1987;42:3-6.

  25. Chortkoff BS. Concentrations of propofol and desfluorane that suppress response to commands in humans. Anesth Analg 1995;81:737-743.

  26. Smith I. Propofol infusion during regional anesthesia: sedation amnesic and anxiolytic properties. Anesth Analg 1991;79:313-319.

  27. Doze V. Comparison of propofol with metohexithal for outpatient anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1986;65:1189-1195.

  28. Zacny JP. Assessing that behavioural effects and abuse potential of propofol bolus injections in healthy volunteers. Drug Alcohol Dep 1991;32:45-47.

  29. Mc Clymont CA. Comparison of the effect of propofol or thiopentone on the incidence and severity of suxamethonium-induce myalgia. Anesth Intensive Care 1999;22:147-149.

  30. Monedero P. Does propofol have advantages over midazolam and isofluorane? Comparative study of 2 total intravenous techniques using midazolam and propofol versus balanced anaesthesia with isoflourane. Rev Esp Anesth y Reanim 1994;41:156-164.

  31. White P. Effects on recovery when isouflorane is used to supplement propofol and N2O anaesthesia. Anesth Analg 1993;77:15-24.

  32. Speicher A. Postoperative pulmonary function after lung surgery: total intravenous anesthesia with propofol in comparison to balanced anesthesia with isoflourane. Anaesthesisst 1995;44:265-273.

  33. Egan T. Target-controlled infusions for intravenous anesthetics. Anesthesiology 2003;99:1039-1041.

  34. Egan T. Target-controlled drug delivery. Anesthesiology 2003;99:1211-1219.

  35. Casati A. The target plasma concentration of propofol required to place LMA versus cuffed oropharyngeal airway. Anesth Analg 1999;88:917-920.

  36. Schraag S. The performance of electroencephalogram biespectral index and auditory evoked potential index to predict loss of consciousness during propofol infusion. Anesth Analg 1999;89:131-135.

  37. Bonhomme V. Auditory steady state response and Biespectral index for assessing level of consciousness during propofol sedation and hypnosis. Anesth Analg 2000;91:1398-1403.

  38. Krever S. Narcotrend index versus Biespectral index as electroencephalogram measures of anaesthesic drug effect during propofol anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2004;98:692-697.

  39. Schmidt G. Narcotrend and Bis monitor are superior to classical EEG parameters for the assessment of anesthetic states during propofol-remifentanyl anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2003;99:1072-1078.

  40. Avram M. Using front-end kinetics to optimize target-controlled drug infusions. Anesthesiology 2003;99:1078-1086.

  41. Struyz M. Ability of Bis, autorregresive modelling with exogenous input-derived audithory evoked potentials and predicted propofol concentrations to measure patient responsiveness during anesthesia with propofol and remifentanyl. Anesthesiology 2003;99:802-812.

  42. Olmos M. The combined effect of age and premedication on the propofol requirements for induction by target-controlled-infusions. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1157-1161.

  43. Moore J. A comparison between propofol and thiopentone as induction agents in obstetric anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1989;44:753-757.

  44. Gin T. Pharmacokinetics of propofol in women undergoing elective cesarean section. Br J Anesth 1990;64:148-153.

  45. Newman LH. Propofol infusion for sedation in intensive care. Anesthesia 1987;42:929-937.

  46. Gottardis M. Effect of prolonged sedation with propofol on serum trygliceride and cholesterol concentrations. Br J Anaesth 1989;62:393-396.

  47. Servin F. A comparison of 2% and 1% formulations of propofol for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in surgery of moderate infusion. Anaesthesia 1997;52:1212-1229.

  48. Song D. The pharmacodynamic effects of a lower lipid emulsion of propofol: A comparison with the standard propofol emulsion. Anesth Analg 2004;98:687-691.

  49. Mei Ng Ju. Inhaling N2O reduces the induction dose requirements of propofol. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1213-1216.

  50. Sakai K. The effect of propofol with and without ketamine on human cerebral blood flow velocity and CO2 response. Anesth Analg 2000;90:377-382.

  51. Bouillon T. Pharmacodynamic interaction between propofol and remifentanyl regardering hypnosis, tolerance of laringoscopy, biespectral index and electroencephalographic approximate entropy. Anesthesiology 2004;100:1353-1372.

  52. Iwakiri H. Effect site concentration of propofol for recovery of consciousness is virtually independent of fentanyl effect. Anesth Analg 2003;96:1651-1655.

  53. Han T. The effects of plasma fentanyl concentration with propofol requirements emergence from anesthesia and postoperative analgesia in propofol-N2O anesthesia. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1365-1371.

  54. Stewart J. The stability of remifentanyl hydrochloride and propofol mixtures in polypropylene syringes and polyvinyl chloride bags at 22-24. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1450-1451.

  55. Vidovich M. The effect of lidocaine on bacterial growth in propofol. Anesth Analg 1999;88:936-938.

  56. Masaky Y. Physicochemical compatibility of propofol lidocaine mixture. Anesth Analg 2003:97:1646-1651.

  57. Aydin OH. Bacterial contamination of propofol: The effects of temperature and lidocaine. Eur J Anesth 2002;19:455-458.

  58. Agarwal A. Pretreatment with thiopental for prevention of pain associated with propofol injection. Anesth Analg 2004;98: 683-686.

  59. Song D. Comparison of a lower-lipid propofol emulsion with the standard emulsion for sedation during monitored anesthesia care. Anesthesiology 2004;98:1072-1075.

  60. Fujitu A. A simple method for detecting plasma propofol. Anesth Analg 2000;90:1452-1454.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com