Carrillo ER, Téllez MMA, Salinas RS

Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 107-111
PDF size: 100.69 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Few information exists in relation to nosocomial infections by Staphylococcus xylosus. We report our experience and review the literature. Patient and methods: Four patients were included in the study. They were adrultted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with bacteremia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome, secondary to central catheter infection. We realized: blood and catheter tip cultures, were done Gram’s stain of the proteinaceous material recovered from catheter tip and an echocardiogram was performed in all patients. Treatment began with teicoplanin evaluating clinical and bacteriological evolution. Results: The patients had a weakening illness and were characterized to be undernourished and immunodepressed, with a history of wide spectrum antibiotic use, with a poor handling of the central catheter. In the Gram’s stain of the proteinaceous material we observed the presence of Gram + cocci isolated, and in clusters. In cultures of blood and catheter tip developed Gram + cocci, with the next characteristics: DNAasa and coagulase negative, positive for catalase, manose and xylose, novobiocin sensitive. The Gram + cocci were typifycated as Staphylococcus xylosus. The echocardiogram was negative for endocarditis in all patients. Although multiresistent S. xylosus was sensitive to teicoplanin, so, all patients responded to the treatment with clinical and bacteriological cure. Conclusions: S. xylosus is a negative coagulase staphylococcal specie that is emerging as a new nosocomial pathogen.

REFERENCES

1. Huerbner J. Goldman D. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: Role as pathogens. Annu Rev Medicine 1999; 50: 223-236.

2. Rupp ME, Archer GL. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: Pathogens associated with medical progress. Clin Inf Dis 1994; 19: 231-245.

3. Foster TJ, McDevitt D. Infections associated with indwelling medical devices. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 1994: 31-44.

4. LeRoy F. Nosocomial intraabdominal abscesses caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. J Infect Dis 1985; 152: 1091-1092.

5. Conrad S, West B. Endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus xylosus associated with intravenous drug abuse. J Infect Dis 1984; 149: 826-827.

6. Mastroianni A, Coronado O, Nanetti A, Chiodo F. Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from a pancreatic pseudocyst in a patient infected with the human immunodefyciency virus. Clin Inf Dis 1994; 19: 1173-1174.

7. Galdbart JO, Morvan A, Desplaces N, Solh N. Phenotypic and genomic variation among Staphylococcus epidermidis strains infecting joint prostheses. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 1306-1312.

8. Kloss WE, Bannerman TL. Update on clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994; 7: 117-140.

9. Freney J, Kloss E, Webster J, Bes M, Brun Y, Vernozy-Rozand. Recommended minimal standards for description of new staphylococcal species. Int Syst Bacteriol 1999; 49: 489-502.

10. Wagner E, Marcandier S, Egeter O. Glucose kinase-dependent catabolite repression in Staphylococcus xylosus. J Bacteriol 1995; 177: 6144-6152.

11. Hansson M, Stahl S, Nguyen TN. Expression of recombinant proteins on the surface of the coagulase-negative bacterium Staphylococcus xylosus. J Bacteriol 1992; 174: 4239-4245.

12. Rosenstein R, Peschel A, Wieland B. Expression and regulation of the antimonite, arsenite, and arsenate resistance operon of Staphylococcus xylosus plasmid pSX267. J Bacteriol 1992; 174: 3676-3683.

13. Bruckner R, Wagner E, Gozt F. Characterization of a sucrase gene from Staphylococcus xylosus. J Bacteriol 1993; 175: 851-857.

14. Sizemore C, Wieland B, Gotz F. Regulation of Staphylococcus xylosus utilization genes at the molecular level. J Bacteriol 1992; 174: 2048-3048.

15. Kloos WE, Schleifer KH. Simplified scheme for routine identification of human Staphylococcus species. J Clin Microbiol 1975; 1: 82-88.

16. John JF, Gramling PK. Species identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci from urinary tract isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1978; 8: 435-437.

17. Gemmell CG, Dawson JE. Identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci with the API staph system. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 16: 874-877.

18. Souli M, Giamarellou H. Effects of slime produced by clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci on activities of various antimicrobial agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 939-941.

19. Schwank S, Rajacic Z, Zimmerli W. Impact of bacterial biofilm formation on in vitro and vivo activities of antibiotics. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 895-898.