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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2012, Number 3

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Arch Neurocien 2012; 17 (3)

Alterations in executive functioning in different developmental disorders in childhood and adolescents

Bausela-Herreras E

Language: Spanish
References: 80
Page: 179-187
PDF size: 112.16 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The frontal lobes, particularly the prefrontal cortex are involved in cognitive functions more complex and evolved human being, the executive. With our thoughts we transform them in decisions, plans and actions. Traditionally executive dysfunction has been linked to impaired frontal lobe as a result of a head injury, Phineas Gage still the case that marked a milestone in the study of this linkage. However, this link is reductionist and incomplete, as evidenced by the study of this linkage. The objective is to, initially, the neural basis of executive functioning and deepening the dysexecutive syndrome. Now there are many neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescent stage (attention deficit with and without hyperactivity, autism spectrum disorder, learning disorder, childhood schizophrenia and frontal lobe epilepsy) characterized by the presence of different alterations commonly observed in patients with frontal lobe-related injuries. Conclusions: Executive functioning dysfunction, common in all these disorders, indicates that the neural mechanisms involved in these functions include large areas of the brain and its dysfunction has profound effects on the overall adaptation of children and adolescents in their socio-academic family. The question remains: the difficulties in executive functioning are cause or consequence of the different conditions examined?


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