2007, Number 3
<< Back Next >>
Rev Educ Bioquimica 2007; 26 (3)
Factores involucrados en la distribución de azúcares en las plantas vasculares: Comunicación entre los tejidos fuente y tejidos demanda
Padilla CD, Martínez BE
Language: Spanish
References: 31
Page: 99-105
PDF size: 237.77 Kb.
ABSTRACT
The study of the characteristics that differentiate to the source tissues (mature leaves) from the sink tissues (seeds, flowers, roots, young leaves, tubers, etc) and of the relations among them, it has opened the possibility to modify the distribution of photosynthates in cultives of commercial interest. The pathway in which they are loaded and unloaded from the phloem (routes symplastic and apoplastic) is one of the factors that defines the amount of sugars that are exported from the source tissues towards sink tissues. However, the magnitude of the flows of carbon is subject to a very complex regulation in which internal elements and environmental factors participate as a whole, allowing that the distribution of the photosynthates can adjust to satisfy the physiological necessities of each organ in response to its development and to changes in the environment.
REFERENCES
Eschrich W (1980) Free space invertase, its posible role in phloem unloading. Berichte der Deut. Botan. Gesell. 93: 363-378.
Rolland F, Moore B, Sheen J (2002) Sugar sensing and signaling in plants. Plant Cell, S185-S205, supplement 2002.
Buchanan B, Gruisen W, Jones R (2000) Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants. Amer. Soc. Plant Physiol. Rockville, USA, p 730-784.
Lalonde S, Boles E, Hellmann H, Baker L, Patrick JW, Frommer WB, Ward JM (1999) The dual function of sugar carriers: Transport and sugar sensing. Plant Cell. 11: 707-726.
Patrick JW (1997) Phloem unloading: Sieve element unloading and post-sieve element transport. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 28: 165-190.
Sonnewald U, Hebers K (1998) Molecular determinants of sink strength. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol.1: 207-216.
Oparka KJ, Santa Cruz S (2000) The great escape: Phloem transport and unloading of macromolecules. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 51: 323-347.
Lalonde S, Tegeder M, Throne-Holtst M, Frommer WB, Patrick JW (2003) Phloem loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids. Plant Cell and Environment. 26: 37-56.
Chang AB, Lin R, Studley WK, Trand and Milton. CV (2004) Philogeny as a guide to structure and function of membrane transport proteins. Mol. Mem. Biol. 21: 171-181.
Orlich G, Hofbruck M and Schulz A (1998) A symplastic flow of sucrose contributes to phloem loading in Ricinus cotyledons. Planta. 206: 108-116.
Münch E (1930) Die Stoffbewegungen in der Pflanze. Fisher, Jena, Germany.
Viola R, Roberts AG, Haupt S, Gazzani S, Hancock RD, Marmiroli N, Macharay GC Oparka KJ (2001) Tuberisation in potato involves a swich from apoplastic to symplastic phloem unloading. Plant Cell. 13: 385- 398.
Koch K (2004) Sucrose metabolism: regulatory mechanisms and pivotal roles in sugar sensing and plant development. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7: 235-246.
Zrenner R, Salanoubat M, Willmitzer L, Sonnewall U (1995) Evidence of the crucial role of sucrose synthase for sink strength using transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant J. 7: 97:107.
D´ aoust MA, Yelle S, Nguyen-Quoc B (1999) Antisense inhibition of tomato fruit sucrose synthase decreases fruit setting and the sucrose unloading capacity of young fruit. Plant Cell. 11: 2407-2418.
Imlau A, Truernit E, Sauer N (1999) Cell-to-cell and long-distance trafficking of the green fluorescent protein in the phloem and symplastic unloading of the protein into sink tissues. Plant Cell. 11: 309-322.
Ruan YL, Patrick JW, Furbank RT (2001) The control of single-celled cotton fiber elongation by developmentally reversible gating of plasmodemata and coordinated expression of sucrose and K+ transporters and expansin. Plant Cell. 13: 47-60.
Lalonde S, Wipf D, Frommer WB (2004) Transport mechanism for organic forms of carbon and nitrogen between source and sink. Ann. Rev. Plant Biol. 55: 341- 372.
Aoki N, Hirose T, Scofield EN, Whitfeld PR, Furbank RT (2003) The sucrose transporter gene family in rice. Plant Cell Physiol. 44: 223-234.
Truernit E, Sauer N (1995) The promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana SUC 2- sucrose-H+ symporter gene directs expression of ß-glucoronidase to the phloem: evidence for phloem loading by SUC2. Planta. 196: 564-570.
Meyer S, Melzar M, Truernit EH, Hümmer C, Besenbeck R, Stadler R, Sauer N (2000) AtSUC3, a gene encoding a new Arabidopsis sucrose transporter, is expressed in cell adjancent to the vascular tissue and in a carpel cell layer. Plant Journal. 24: 869-882.
Wiese A, Baker L, Künh C, Lalonde S, Bushmannn H, Frommer WB, Ward JM (2000) A New subfamily sucrose transporter, SUC4, with low affinity/high capacity localized in enucleated sieve elements of plant. Plant Cell. 12:1345-1355.
Roitsch T, Ehness R, Goetz M, Hause B, Hofmann M, Sinha AK (2000) Regulation and function of extracelular invertase from higher plants in relation to assimilate partitioning, stress responses and sugar signalling. Aus. J. Plant Physiol. 27: 815-825.
Roitsch T, Gonzales MC (2004) Function and regulation of plant invertases: sweets sensations. Trends in Plant Science. 9: 606-613.
Tang GQ, Lüscher M, Sturm A (1999) Antisense repression of vacuolar and cell wall invertase in transgenic carrots alters early plant development and sucrose partitioning. Plant Cell. 11: 177-189.
Tanner E, Caspari T (1996) Membrane transport carriers. Ann Rev. Plant Mol. Biol. 47: 595-626.
Rosche E, Blackmore D, Tegeder M, Richardson T, Schroeder H, Higgins TJ, Frommer WB, Offler CE, Patrick JW (2002) Seed-specific overexpression of a potato sucrose transporter increases sucrose uptake and growth rates of developing pea cotyledons. Plant J. 30: 165-175.
Letterier M, Atanassova R, Laquitaine L, Gaillard C, Coutus-Thévenot P, Delrot S (2003) Expression of a putative grapevine hexose transporter in tobacco alters morphogenesis and assimilate partitioning. J. Exp. Bot. 54: 1193-1204.
Oparka KJ, Duckett CM, Prior DAM, Fisher DB (1994) Real-time imaging pf phloem unloading in the root tip of Arabidopsis. Plant J. 6: 759-766.
Ruan YL, Patrick JW (1995) The cellular pathway of postphloem sugar transport in developing tomato fruit. Planta. 196:434-444.
Taiz L, Zeiger E (2002) Plant Physiology. Sinauer Associates. Inc., Publishers, Masssachusetts, USA, p 287- 293.