2010, Number 2
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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2010; 29 (2)
Citocromo P450 biomarcador de exposición terapeúticotoxicológico-carcinogénico
Coutiño REMR, Purata A, Hernández CP
Language: Spanish
References: 34
Page: 39-52
PDF size: 354.74 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Living organisms during evolution, have developed a number of mechanisms to contend
against foreign chemical compounds of lipophilic or apolar nature. That enters to
the body known as xenobiotics. Among them is the metabolizing system cytochrome
P450 (CYP450), which is the responsible to convert such compounds into more polar
molecules in order to be removed by body fluids including urine. CYP450 is primarily
responsible for the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, comprises a large family of
hemoproteins present in many species of which have been already identified more
than 2000 isoforms. All CYP450 were named following a common criterion, based
on the similarity in their sequence to deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA).
The oxidations catalyzed by CYP450 are NADPH and O
2-dependent reactions of
monooxigenation, a mechanism used by organisms to metabolize of endogenous
steroid molecules, but its importance lies in accelerating the removal of large number
of drugs and toxic compounds, however, they are also responsible of the activation
of toxins and / or precarcinogens and possibly, of the inmune response, too.
Thus, the study of CYP450 family polymorphism can be a very useful marker not
only in therapeutics, but in cytotoxic and carcinogenic studies, in relation to exposure
of compounds that we consider harmful to humans, such as pesticides, additives,
drugs, among others.
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